社会支持视角下老年女性主观幸福感的影响研究——基于CGSS2023的实证分析

A Study on the Influence of Social Support on the Subjective Well-Being of Elderly Women—An Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS2023

摘要: 本文基于CGSS2023数据，以60岁及以上老年女性为研究对象，运用描述性统计、回归分析与中介效应分析等方法，探究社会支持对老年女性主观幸福感的影响，并验证抑郁程度在二者关系中的中介作用，分析城乡和婚姻变量下的群体异质性。研究发现，社会支持对老年女性的主观幸福感具有显著正向作用，其中正式社会支持中参加基本养老保险对老年女性的主观幸福感影响显著且为正向；抑郁程度在社会支持与主观幸福感之间发挥着中介作用；相较于城市老年女性，农村老年女性从基本养老保险中获得的主观幸福感提升效应更显著，无配偶群体的养老保险效应显著高于有配偶群体。值得注意的是，非正式支持中婚姻状况与社交状态对老年女性主观幸福感的效应并不显著。因此，未来推动老年女性积极老龄化，更需从完善正式社会支持体系入手。

Abstract: Based on CGSS2023 data, this study focuses on elderly women aged 60 and above. It employs descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and mediation effect analysis to explore the impact of social support on their subjective well-being. It also examines the mediating role of depression in this relationship and analyzes group heterogeneity based on urban-rural and marital status variables. The study finds that social support has a significant positive effect on the subjective well-being of elderly women. Among formal social support, participation in basic pension insurance has a notable and positive impact on their subjective well-being. Depression mediates the relationship between social support and subjective well-being. Compared to urban elderly women, rural elderly women derive a more pronounced enhancement in subjective well-being from basic pension insurance, and the effect is significantly higher for individuals without a spouse than for those with a spouse. Notably, within informal support, marital status and social engagement do not significantly affect elderly women’s subjective well-being. Therefore, promoting active ageing among elderly women in the future should primarily focus on improving the formal social support system.