银发经济发展的现实困境与优化路径研究

A Study on the Practical Challenges and Optimization Pathways of the Silver Economy

摘要: 人口老龄化深入推进，银发经济成为我国扩大内需增加新动能和应对人口结构变化重要的经济形态，是为满足老年群体以及老龄阶段需求的经济，既涉及老年群体的生活和民生，也影响经济结构的优化、高质量发展。本文运用人口经济学与产业经济学理论分析了中国银发经济发展的逻辑与时代价值，从消费、产业、要素和制度四个维度总结了银发经济发展面临的主要困境，提出了激活消费需求、提高产业效率、强化要素保障和完善制度保障的优化路径，实现银发经济高质量发展，帮助老年群体适应当前社会发展。

Abstract: As population ageing continues to intensify, the silver economy has become an important economic form in China for expanding domestic demand, creating new growth drivers, and responding to changes in the demographic structure. It refers to the range of economic activities that address the needs of older adults and the demands arising across the ageing process. Its development concerns not only the wellbeing and livelihood of the elderly population but also the optimization of the economic structure and the pursuit of high-quality development. Drawing on theories of population economics and industrial economics, this study examines the developmental logic and contemporary value of the silver economy in China. Major constraints are identified from four dimensions: consumption, industry, factor inputs, and institutions. On this basis, targeted pathways are proposed to stimulate consumer demand, improve industrial efficiency, strengthen factor support, and enhance institutional safeguards. These efforts are expected to advance the high-quality development of the silver economy and help older adults adapt more effectively to ongoing social transformation.