社区居家养老多元主体协同供给的运行机制——基于南京冯墙社区“121 + N”模式的质性研究

Operation Mechanism of Collaborative Supply by Multiple Subjects for Community-Based Home Care for the Elderly—A Qualitative Study Based on the “121 + N” Model in Fengqiang Community, Nanjing

摘要: 我国人口老龄化进入深度发展阶段，社区居家养老成为应对老龄化的核心战略选择，但多元主体协同供给面临诸多现实困境。本文以南京冯墙社区“121 + N”模式为案例，采用质性研究方法，结合访谈法、问卷法与编码分析，解构社区居家养老多元主体协同供给的运行机制。研究构建了以供给准备度为内在驱动、政策导向为外部引导、供给行为为执行载体、需求识别为精准依据、舆论影响为环境反馈、反馈机制为优化闭环的协同体系，揭示了多元主体协同的保障因素与核心障碍。实践表明，该模式通过层级联动与平等协作架构，有效破解了供给碎片化问题，其经验可为完善我国社区居家养老服务体系提供理论支撑与实践借鉴。

Abstract: China’s population aging has entered an advanced stage, and community-based home care has become a core strategic choice to address aging. However, the collaborative supply by multiple subjects faces many practical dilemmas. Taking the “121 + N” model of Fengqiang Community in Nanjing as a case study, this paper adopts qualitative research methods, combining interviews, questionnaires and coding analysis, to deconstruct the operation mechanism of collaborative supply of community-based home care services by multiple subjects. The study constructs a collaborative system with supply readiness as the internal driver, policy orientation as the external guidance, supply behavior as the implementation carrier, demand identification as the precise basis, public opinion influence as the environmental feedback, and feedback mechanism as the optimization closed loop, revealing the guarantee factors and core obstacles of multi-subject collaboration. Practice shows that this model effectively solves the problem of fragmented supply through a hierarchical linkage and equal cooperation structure, and its experience can provide theoretical support and practical reference for improving China’s community-based home care service system.