农村空巢老人“数字鸿沟”与代际反哺研究——基于家庭代际支持的视角

Research on the “Digital Divide” and Digital Feedback of Rural Empty-Nest Elderly—From the Perspective of Family Intergenerational Support

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化进程加快和数字化社会全面到来，农村空巢老人面临的“数字鸿沟”问题日益凸显。这一群体不仅难以享受数字技术带来的便利，更面临被排斥在数字社会之外的风险。本文立足刺激机体反应理论模型，从家庭代际支持视角出发，分析农村空巢老人数字鸿沟的表现与成因，探讨“数字反哺”作为家庭代际支持新形态的作用机制。研究发现，农村空巢老人的数字鸿沟表现为接入鸿沟、使用鸿沟、知识鸿沟三重叠加，其成因涉及个体认知、家庭支持、社会环境、技术设计等多个维度。数字反哺通过“传授式”“代理式”“陪伴式”三种方式，在认知重塑、能力提升、情感联结等方面发挥积极作用，但也面临空间距离、时间限制、能力差异等制约。据此，本文提出从家庭、社会、市场、政府多元协同的角度构建支持体系，强化家庭数字反哺功能，营造包容性数字环境，帮助农村空巢老人跨越数字鸿沟，共享数字红利。

Abstract: With the accelerated process of population aging and the comprehensive arrival of the digital society in China, the “digital divide” faced by the rural empty-nest elderly has become increasingly prominent. This group not only finds it difficult to enjoy the convenience brought by digital technology but also faces the risk of being excluded from the digital society. Grounded in the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theoretical model and from the perspective of family intergenerational support, this paper analyzes the manifestations and causes of the digital divide among the rural empty-nest elderly, and explores the working mechanism of “digital feedback” as a new form of family intergenerational support. The study finds that the digital divide of the rural empty-nest elderly is manifested as a triple superposition of the access divide, usage divide, and knowledge divide. Its causes involve multiple dimensions, including individual cognition, family support, social environment, and technical design. Through three modes—"instructional”, “proxy” and “companionship”—digital feedback plays a positive role in cognitive reshaping, capability enhancement, and emotional connection, although it also faces constraints such as spatial distance, time limitations, and capability differences. Accordingly, this paper proposes to build a support system from the perspective of multi-agent synergy among the family, society, market, and government. By strengthening the function of family digital feedback and creating an inclusive digital environment, we can help rural empty-nest elderly bridge the digital divide and share digital dividends.