人工智能赋能养老服务：理论逻辑、现实困境与马克思主义破解路径

Artificial Intelligence Empowers Elderly Care Services: Theoretical Logic, Practical Dilemmas, and Marxist Solutions

摘要: 人口老龄化背景下，人工智能技术驱动养老服务产业数字化转型成为必然趋势，人工智能技术应用作为数字时代养老服务数字化治理的核心手段，其在养老服务领域的深度嵌入在提升服务效率、优化资源配置的同时，也引发了人工智能技术特性与养老服务本质的适配性矛盾。本文立足马克思主义劳动价值论、异化劳动理论及人的全面发展理论，结合国内3省市12家养老机构人工智能技术应用调研数据，剖析了人工智能赋能养老服务的理论逻辑与实践形态，揭示其在居家、机构、农村养老场景中引发的老年人主体地位弱化、从业者劳动异化、养老服务公平性失衡等现实困境，从价值引领、治理协同、技术革新三个维度提出马克思主义破解路径，为实现人工智能技术赋能与养老服务人文属性的有机统一、推动养老服务体系高质量重构提供理论支撑与实践指引。

Abstract: In the context of population aging, the digital transformation of the elderly care service industry driven by artificial intelligence (AI) technology has become an inevitable trend. As the core means of digital governance for elderly care services in the digital era, the deep integration of AI technology application in the elderly care service sector not only enhances service efficiency and optimizes resource allocation but also gives rise to contradictions in the compatibility of AI technology characteristics with the essence of elderly care services. Based on Marxist labor value theory, alienated labor theory, and the theory of comprehensive human development, this paper analyzes the theoretical logic and practical forms of AI empowering elderly care services by combining survey data on the application of AI technology in 12 elderly care institutions across 3 provinces and cities in China. It reveals the practical dilemmas caused by AI in home-based, institutional, and rural elderly care scenarios, such as the weakening of the subjective position of the elderly, the alienation of workers, and the imbalance in the fairness of elderly care services. From the three dimensions of value guidance, governance collaboration, and technological innovation, this paper proposes a Marxist solution path to achieve the organic unity of AI technology empowerment and the humanistic attributes of elderly care services, and to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting high-quality reconstruction of the elderly care service system.