环境噪声对地震资料影响量化技术研究及应用

Research and Application of Quantitative Technology for the Impact of Environmental Noise on Seismic Data

摘要: 环境噪声是影响地震资料质量的关键因素之一，尤其在复杂地表与人文活动频繁区域。本文系统构建了一套以“环噪模拟–信噪分离–联动评估”为核心的定量评估技术体系。通过高保真信噪分离，引入结构相似度分析方法(SSIM)，多维度综合评价环噪影响。研究系统评估了不同微伏级别环噪对单炮、叠加资料的影响，并结合不同覆盖次数等观测参数，提出了环噪影响门槛值的量化标准。本文为地震采集设计、噪声抑制与资料评价提供了科学依据。

Abstract: Ambient noise is one of the key factors affecting the quality of seismic data, especially in areas with complex surface conditions and frequent human activities. This paper systematically establishes a quantitative evaluation technical system centered on the three core steps of ambient noise simulation, signal-noise separation, and collaborative assessment. Based on high-fidelity signal-noise separation, the structural similarity index method (SSIM) is introduced to comprehensively evaluate the impact of ambient noise from multiple dimensions. The study systematically assesses the effects of ambient noise at different microvolt levels on single-shot and stacked seismic data, and combines various observation parameters such as different fold numbers to propose a quantitative standard for the threshold value of ambient noise impact. This research provides a scientific basis for seismic acquisition design, noise suppression, and seismic data evaluation.