医院场域下医务社工角色困境与实践探索——以柳州市X医院为例

Role Dilemma and Practical Exploration of Medical Social Workers under the Hospital Context—Taking Liuzhou X Hospital as an Example

摘要: 随着人们生活方式和需求日益多样化，社会的不断发展和医疗卫生事业的壮大，医务社会工作走进大众的视野，医疗卫生体制迎来了进一步的深化改革。医学社工是人文社科专业与医学专业交叉碰撞下诞生的新领域，在一线城市的三甲医院中已较为普及。文章通过柳州市某医院的案例研究，探讨了医务社工在医院环境中的融入困境，特别是他们面临的专业角色认同、团队协作和心理适应等方面的挑战。研究发现，社工在实践过程中遭遇了角色认同模糊、理论应用困难、专业认同与实际情况的冲突，以及与医护人员协作的难题。医院环境中的“角色边缘感”致使社工产生被置于边缘地位的体验，这主要源于社工对于实践内容与期待的落差、理论知识向实践能力过渡的困难，以及医学领域知识掌握的不足。文章就我国医务社会工作的现状及实践工作中存在的困难，对学者有关医务社会工作中社工角色困境问题的研究进行归纳总结，提出一些有利于解决医务社会工作者角色困境实践的建议。

Abstract: With the increasing diversification of people’s lifestyles and needs, continuous social development, and the expansion of medical and health services, medical social work has come into public view, and the medical and health system has ushered in further deepening reform. As an emerging interdisciplinary field born from the integration of humanities and social sciences with medicine, medical social work has been relatively popular in tertiary hospitals in first-tier cities. Based on a case study of a hospital in Liuzhou, this paper explores the integration dilemmas of medical social work interns in the hospital environment, especially the challenges they face in terms of professional role identity, team collaboration and psychological adaptation. The study finds that interns encounter ambiguous role identity, difficulties in applying theories, conflicts between professional identity and practical reality, as well as problems in collaborating with medical staff during the internship. The phenomenon of “role marginality” in the hospital environment leads to the experience of being placed on the margins of social workers, which is mainly caused by the gap between social workers expectations and the actual internship practice content, difficulties in transforming theoretical knowledge into practical abilities, and insufficient mastery of medical knowledge. This paper summarizes scholars’ research on the role dilemmas of social workers in medical social work in light of the current situation of medical social work in China and the difficulties existing in its practice, and puts forward some suggestions conducive to solving the role dilemmas of medical social workers in practice.