社会工作介入侗族木结构非遗传承人群体传承压力研究——以三江侗族为例

A Study on the Transmission Pressures Faced by the Dong Ethnic Group’s Wooden Architecture Intangible Cultural Heritage Bearers through Social Work Intervention—The Case of Sanjiang Dong Ethnic Group

摘要: 现有关于三江侗族木构营造技艺的研究多聚焦文旅融合发展、建筑本体与营造技艺研究、文化意涵视角研究、传承断代与后继乏人等方向的研究，缺乏从社会工作视角对传承人群体传承压力的针对性分析。本研究以广西三江侗族自治县为调研地，通过文献研究、田野调查以及半结构化访谈法，对不同类型木构营造技艺传承人开展实证研究，研究表明三江侗族木构营造技艺传承人的压力表现为非遗传承主体在技艺延续过程中面临的经济、文化、政策、技术及队伍建设等多方面现实压力，其中以青年学徒流失与市场对接困难为两大关键压力，二者相互交织形成传承困境。文章基于社会工作专业方法，结合社会支持理论，设计针对性介入项目，从人才培育、市场赋能双维度提出具体可操作的实践策略，为缓解民族地区非遗传承压力、构建非遗保护长效机制提供实证参考。

Abstract: The existing research on the construction techniques of Sanjiang Dong wooden structure mostly focuses on the integration and development of culture and tourism, the study of architectural ontology and construction techniques, the study of cultural connotation, the study of inheritance and lack of successors, and the lack of targeted analysis of the inheritance pressure of the inheritor group from the perspective of social work. This study selected Dong Autonomous County in Guangxi as its research site. employing literature research, field research. And semi-structured interviews to conduct empirical research on various types of woodbuilding skills inheritors. The findings reveal that the pressures confront woodbuilding skills inheritors among the Dong Nationality in Sanjiang manifest in economic. cultural, policy, technological, and team-building challenges encountered by the main entities of intangible cultural heritage inheritance during the process of skill perpetuation. Notably. The loss of young apprentices and the difficulty in market integration constitutes the two primary pressures. Drawing on professional social work methodologies, combined with social support theory and participatory theory. This article designs targeted intervention projects and proposes specific. Actionable practical strategies across two dimensions: talent cultivation and market empowerment. These efforts aim to highlight the pressures of intangible cultural heritage inheritance in ethnic minority regions and establish a long-term mechanism for intangible cultural heritage protection, thereby providing an empirical reference.