基于循证的切口护理管理在降低骨科术后切口感染率中的效果评价

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Evidence-Based Incision Care Management in Reducing Postoperative Incision Infection Rates in Orthopedics

摘要: 目的：探讨基于循证的切口护理管理在降低骨科术后切口感染率中的应用效果，明确其对患者切口愈合、感染相关指标及护理质量的影响，为骨科术后切口护理提供科学、规范化的实践参考。方法：选取新疆医科大学第六附属医院骨科2023年1月至2024年6月收治的120例骨科手术患者作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组，每组60例。对照组给予骨科术后常规切口护理，观察组实施基于循证的切口护理管理，两组均连续干预至患者切口愈合出院，随访1个月。比较两组患者术后切口感染发生率、切口愈合时间、感染相关实验室指标(白细胞计数WBC、C反应蛋白CRP)，同时评估两组护理质量评分及患者护理满意度。结果：观察组术后切口感染发生率3.33% (2/60)，显著低于对照组15.00% (9/60)，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；观察组切口愈合时间显著短于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。术后72 h，两组患者WBC、CRP水平均较术后24 h下降，且观察组下降幅度显著大于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。观察组护理质量评分(基础护理、切口护理、感染防控、健康宣教)及患者护理满意度均显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意(P < 0.05)。结论：基于循证的切口护理管理可有效降低骨科术后切口感染发生率，缩短切口愈合时间，改善感染相关实验室指标，提升护理质量及患者护理满意度，契合骨科术后切口护理的规范化需求，具有较高的临床应用价值，值得推广应用。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the application effect of evidence-based incision care management in reducing the incidence of postoperative incision infections in orthopedics, and to clarify its impact on patient wound healing, infection-related indicators, and nursing quality, thereby providing scientific and standardized practical guidance for postoperative incision care in orthopedic surgery. Methods: A total of 120 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2023 and June 2024 were selected as study subjects. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table, with 60 patients in each group. The control group received routine postoperative incision care, while the observation group received evidence-based incision care management. Both groups received continuous intervention until wound healing and discharge, followed by a 1-month follow-up. The incidence of postoperative incision infection, wound healing time, and infection-related laboratory indicators (white blood cell count, WBC; C-reactive protein, CRP) were compared between the two groups. Additionally, nursing quality scores and patient satisfaction with nursing care were assessed. Results: The incidence of postoperative incision infection in the observation group was 3.33% (2/60), significantly lower than the 15.00% (9/60) in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The wound healing time in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.05). At 72 hours postoperatively, the levels of WBC and CRP in both groups decreased compared to those at 24 hours postoperatively, with a significantly greater decrease observed in the observation group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The nursing quality scores (including basic care, incision care, infection prevention and control, and health education) and patient satisfaction in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Evidence-based incision care management can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative incision infections in orthopedic surgery, shorten wound healing time, improve infection-related laboratory indicators, and enhance both nursing quality and patient satisfaction. It aligns with the standardized requirements for postoperative incision care in orthopedics and holds significant clinical application value, making it worthy of promotion.