睡眠时长与睡眠质量与心血管事件风险关系的研究进展

A Review of the Relationship between Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality, and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events

摘要: 心血管疾病(Cardiovascular Disease, CVD)长期以来稳居全球死因首位，给公共卫生系统带来了沉重负担。尽管传统的危险因素(如高血压、高血脂、吸烟、糖尿病等)已得到广泛认知和控制，但心血管事件的发病率仍未见显著下降，这提示我们需关注新的潜在风险因素。近年来，睡眠作为维持机体生理稳态的关键过程，其与心血管健康的关系日益受到学界重视。大量流行病学证据及基础研究表明，睡眠时长(Sleep Duration)的极端化(过短或过长)以及睡眠质量(Sleep Quality)的下降(包括失眠、睡眠碎片化、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停等)均是心血管事件的独立危险因素。本文旨在系统梳理国内外近十年来关于睡眠特征与心血管事件风险关系的研究进展，深入探讨其潜在的病理生理机制，分析不同人群中的差异表现，并评估睡眠干预在心血管疾病预防中的临床价值。通过检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据、维普中文期刊服务平台以及PubMed、Web of Science、Embase等数据库，筛选出高质量文献35篇(国内15篇，国外20篇)，对现有证据进行综合评述，以期为心血管疾病的三级预防提供理论依据和实践指导。

Abstract: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) has long remained the leading cause of death globally, imposing a heavy burden on public health systems. Despite the widespread recognition and control of traditional risk factors—such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and diabetes—the incidence of cardiovascular events has not shown a significant decline. This suggests the need to focus on new potential risk factors. In recent years, sleep, as a critical process for maintaining physiological homeostasis, has garnered increasing attention regarding its relationship with cardiovascular health. Extensive epidemiological evidence and basic research indicate that extremes of sleep duration (both short and long) and poor sleep quality (including insomnia, sleep fragmentation, and obstructive sleep apnea) are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events. This paper aims to systematically review the research progress over the past decade regarding the relationship between sleep characteristics and the risk of cardiovascular events. It explores underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, analyzes variations across different populations, and evaluates the clinical value of sleep interventions in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. By searching databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, 35 high-quality articles (15 domestic and 20 international) were selected for a comprehensive review. This study seeks to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the tertiary prevention of cardiovascular disease.