中俄草药在支气管哮喘中的治疗研究： 从民族医学到循证医学

Traditional Chinese and Russian Herbal Medicine in Bronchial Asthma Treatment: From Ethnomedicine to Evidence-Based Medicine

摘要: 支气管哮喘作为全球最常见的慢性呼吸道疾病之一，影响着超过2.62亿人口。现有治疗方案虽能控制症状，但长期使用糖皮质激素等药物带来的不良反应，始终困扰着临床医生。中俄两国的草药实践，根植于数千年民族医学经验，正逐渐从“替代疗法”的边缘走向抗哮喘研究的核心舞台。近年来，药理学、网络药理学和多组学技术的进展，开始为这些传统疗法提供分子层面的解释：关键植物化合物在多种哮喘模型中显示出抗炎、免疫调节和气道保护作用。本文试图超越简单的“传统智慧meets现代科学”叙事，深入分析中俄草药趋同和独特的机制通路，并探讨传统医学融入现代呼吸药理学所面临的真正挑战——从标准化困境到监管鸿沟。我们提出，天然药物的价值或许不在于取代合成药物，而在于为复杂哮喘提供多靶点干预的新范式。

Abstract: Bronchial asthma, as one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases globally, affects over 262 million people. While current treatment regimens can control symptoms, the adverse effects associated with long-term use of glucocorticoids and other drugs continue to trouble clinicians. Herbal medicine practices in China and Russia, rooted in thousands of years of ethnomedicine experience, are gradually moving from the periphery of “alternative therapy” to the core stage of anti-asthma research. Recent advances in pharmacology, network pharmacology, and multi-omics technologies have begun to provide molecular-level explanations for these traditional therapies: key phytochemicals have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and airway protective effects in various asthma models. This article attempts to go beyond the simple narrative of “traditional wisdom meets modern science” to deeply analyze the convergent and unique mechanistic pathways of Chinese and Russian herbal medicine, and explore the real challenges facing the integration of traditional medicine into modern respiratory pharmacology—from standardization dilemmas to regulatory gaps. We propose that the value of natural medicines may lie not in replacing synthetic drugs, but in providing a new paradigm for multi-target intervention in complex asthma.