代际差异视角下老年人数字融入困境及破解路径——基于城乡对比调研

Older Adults’ Digital Inclusion Dilemmas and Solutions from an Intergenerational Perspective—A Comparative Urban Rural Study

摘要: 在数字化转型与人口老龄化进程深度交织的当下，老年人顺利融入数字社会，既是落实积极老龄化战略的重要内容，也是构建包容性数字社会的关键环节。代际差异作为制约老年人数字融入的核心因素，在城乡不同发展场景中表现出截然不同的特征，进一步拉大了老年群体内部的数字鸿沟。本文以城乡老年人对比调研为基础，精准选取我国东部江苏省苏州市、浙江省宁波市2个城市调研点，中部河南省信阳市、湖北省荆门市2个农村调研点，采用随机抽样与目的抽样结合的方式，通过问卷调查与深度访谈收集一手数据，共回收有效问卷862份、开展深度访谈42场。从代际差异的视角切入，系统剖析老年人在数字接入、数字使用、数字素养三个核心维度面临的融入困境，结合城乡发展不均衡的现实背景，探究困境形成的代际传导机制，最终提出兼具针对性与可操作性的破解路径，重点构建农村“虚拟代际支持”与“拟代际关系”网络弥补家庭代际支持缺失，为推动城乡老年人平等享有数字发展红利、破解老年数字鸿沟提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the deep integration of digital transformation and population aging, the elderly’s smooth integration into the digital society is both a key component of implementing the active aging strategy and a critical link in building an inclusive digital society. As a core factor restricting the elderly’s digital inclusion, intergenerational differences show distinctly different characteristics in urban and rural development contexts, further widening the digital divide within the elderly group. Based on a comparative survey of urban and rural elderly, this paper selects two urban research sites (Suzhou and Ningbo in eastern China’s Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces) and two rural ones (Xinyang and Jingmen in central China’s Henan and Hubei Provinces). Adopting a mix of random and purposive sampling, it collects first-hand data via questionnaires and in-depth interviews, with 862 valid questionnaires collected and 42 in-depth interviews conducted. From the perspective of intergenerational differences, it systematically analyzes the elderly’s integration dilemmas in three core dimensions: digital access, digital usage and digital literacy. Combined with the reality of unbalanced urban-rural development, it explores the intergenerational transmission mechanism of such dilemmas and finally proposes targeted and feasible solutions. It focuses on building a rural network of “virtual intergenerational support” and “quasi-intergenerational relationships” to compensate for the lack of family intergenerational support, providing theoretical and practical references for enabling urban and rural elderly to equally share the dividends of digital development and bridging the digital divide among the elderly.