基于核心素养的高中数学单元教学设计研究——以“函数的概念与性质”单元为例

Research on Unit Teaching Design of High School Mathematics Based on Core Literacy—Taking the Unit of “Concepts and Properties of Function” as an Example

摘要: 函数是高中阶段重要的一部分，对于学生而言，学好函数可以培养数学思维并且提高数学能力。但是当前高中数学课堂普遍存在着知识内容碎片化、教学方法模式化的现象，约束了学生数学核心素养的有效提升。单元教学模式的提出正好打破了这一局面，它将相关联的知识点进行整合，形成完整的大单元教学体系。不仅帮助学生建立系统的知识框架，还增强了他们对知识内在联系的理解，对学生核心素养的培养以及教学效率的提高都有着积极作用。本文以《函数的概念与性质》单元为例，进行基于核心素养的大单元教学设计，包括学情分析、确定单元大任务、设计函数模型。在模型求解的过程中，使学生逐步掌握函数的概念、表示方法、性质以及应用。这种教学模式不仅帮助学生深刻理解函数的本质，还能在学习中培养他们的核心素养，使学生从被动接受转变为主动建构，提高他们的综合能力。

Abstract: Functions constitute a pivotal component of high school mathematics education. Mastering this subject cultivates mathematical thinking and enhances students’ mathematical competencies. But at present, there is a general phenomenon that knowledge content is fragmented and teaching methods are modeled in high school mathematics classroom. It restricts the effective promotion of students’ mathematics core literacy. The unit teaching mode just broke this situation; it integrates related knowledge points to form a complete large unit teaching system. Not only does it help students to build a systematic knowledge framework, but it also enhances their understanding of the internal relationship of knowledge. It plays a positive role in cultivating students’ core literacy and improving teaching efficiency. This paper takes the unit “Concepts and Properties of Function” as an example, and carries out the teaching design of large units based on core literacy, including the analysis of learning situation, the determination of unit tasks and the design of function models. In the process of solving the model, students can gradually master the concept, representation, nature and application of the function. This teaching mode not only helps students to deeply understand the essence of function, but also cultivates their core literacy in their study. The students can change from passive acceptance to active construction and improve their comprehensive ability.