大数据时代公民隐私权法律保护研究

A Study on Legal Protection of Citizens’ Right to Privacy in the Big Data Era

摘要: 文章聚焦于大数据时代公民隐私权的法律保护，具有重要的现实意义。在大数据发展带来数据价值挖掘与公民隐私权保护的冲突，我国现行法律体系针对个人隐私权保护存在不足之处。国内外对隐私权的研究取得了进展，但存在差异，国内需完善相关法律法规。文章详细阐述了大数据、隐私权的概念特征，以及大数据时代隐私权的变化和侵犯隐私权的主要类型。通过对域外美国、日本的保护现状考察，得到对我国的启示，包括完善立法、提高企业自律和带动公民自我隐私保护意识等。同时，指出我国在该领域存在侵权责任主体难确定、网络服务提供者义务履行不到位等问题，并提出强化网络服务提供者的责任、明确告知义务、细化判定标准等对策建议，以加强公民隐私权保护，推动相关法律体系完善和网络空间有序发展。

Abstract: This article focuses on the legal protection of citizens’ privacy rights in the era of big data and holds significant practical importance. As the development of big data creates a conflict between data value extraction and the protection of citizens’ privacy rights, China’s current legal system has shortcomings regarding the protection of individual privacy rights. While research on privacy rights has made progress both domestically and internationally, differences remain, and China needs to improve its relevant laws and regulations. The article elaborates in detail on the concepts and characteristics of big data and privacy rights, as well as the changes in privacy rights in the era of big data and the main types of privacy infringements. By examining the current state of privacy protection in the United States and Japan, the article draws insights for China, including improving legislation, enhancing corporate self-regulation, and fostering citizens’ awareness of self-privacy protection. At the same time, it identifies issues in China’s legal framework, such as the difficulty in determining liable parties for infringements and the inadequate fulfillment of obligations by internet service providers. The article proposes countermeasures, including strengthening the responsibilities of internet service providers, clarifying disclosure obligations, and refining determination criteria, to enhance the protection of citizens’ privacy rights, promote the improvement of the relevant legal system, and foster the orderly development of cyberspace.