基于LDA主题模型的乡村人才政策演化研究

Research on the Evolution of Rural Talent Policies Based on the LDA Topic Model

摘要: 在城乡融合加快推进背景下，乡村人才流失与结构失衡日益突出，乡村人才是乡村振兴的核心资源。为探究我国乡村人才政策的重点内容与演化规律，文章基于2016~2025年公开发布的37份乡村人才政策文本，采用LDA主题模型进行主题分析，识别出“培养提升、政府管理、基础设施、人才就业、社会保障”五大核心主题，并分析其时序演化规律。研究发现：1) 政策主题结构多元，呈现全链条特征；2) 主题热度演化表现出动态互补与阶段性转换；3) 部分主题热度波动剧烈，存在“重培养轻服务”的政策执行短板。文章提出政策协同机制、执行优化路径及动态监测体系建设等建议，以提升政策的系统性与精准性。

Abstract: Amid the accelerated integration of urban and rural areas, the loss of rural talent and structural imbalances have become increasingly prominent, with rural talent serving as a core resource for rural revitalization. To explore the key content and evolutionary patterns of China’s rural talent policies, this study analyzes 37 publicly available rural talent policy documents issued between 2016 and 2025. Using the LDA topic model for thematic analysis, it identifies five core themes—“Training and Development, Government Management, Infrastructure, Talent Employment, and Social Security” —and examines their temporal evolution. The findings reveal that: 1) the policy theme structure is diverse, exhibiting a full-chain characteristic; 2) the evolution of thematic prominence demonstrates dynamic complementarity and phased transitions; and 3) some themes experience significant fluctuations in prominence, revealing a policy implementation shortfall characterized by “emphasizing training while neglecting services.” Accordingly, this paper proposes recommendations in three areas—policy coordination mechanisms, implementation optimization pathways, and dynamic monitoring system construction—to enhance the systemic nature and precision of policies.