家务劳动的性质演变与解放逻辑——基于《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》的分析

The Evolution of the Nature of Household Labor and the Logic of Liberation—Based on the Analysis in “The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State”

摘要: 家务劳动的社会化是实现妇女解放的重要途径。恩格斯在《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》分析了人类社会家庭形式的发展，揭示了妇女家务劳动从社会化变为私有化的原因，其根源在于私有制的发展和父权制的出现。通过分析原始公有制中家务劳动的社会化本质，我们明确了要实现家务劳动社会化首先要消灭私有制和发展生产力，还要使妇女回到公共事务中去，并通过多种途径实现家务劳动社会化。

Abstract: The socialization of household labor is one of the important elements of Marx’s theory of women’s liberation. In “The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State,” Engels systematically analyzed the historical evolution of family forms and revealed the reasons why women’s household labor shifted from socialization to privatization. The root cause lies in the development of private property and the emergence of patriarchy. By analyzing the socialized nature of household labor in primitive communal ownership, we have clarified that to achieve the socialization of household labor, we must first eliminate private property and develop productive forces. Additionally, we must enable women to return to public affairs, and propose practical paths to achieve the socialization of household labor.