基于《难经》汉俄平行语料库中医术语俄译研究

A Study on the Russian Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Terminology Based on the Chinese-Russian Parallel Corpus of Nanjing

摘要: 《难经》作为中国传统医学文化的重要典籍，涵盖了广泛的中医知识，并详尽记录了各种伤寒杂病，是我国医学领域中不可多得的宝贵财富。本论文依托于语料库语言学和术语学的理论框架，选取《难经》汉俄文对照文本中的中医术语作为研究焦点，构建了汉俄双语术语语料库，并对中医术语的关键要素及其俄语翻译进行了深入的分析与探讨。截至目前，自建汉俄平行语料库库容汉语14,465字符，俄语14,313字符，所有语料实现结构对齐，共计汉俄句对1201条。基于该语料库，《难经》共提取出111条中医术语，依据中医诊疗术语的国家标准，本研究对《难经》中的中医术语进行了明确的分类，将其划分为三大类：中医基础理论类术语、中医证候类术语以及中医诊疗类术语。在此基础上，结合翻译理论及文化空缺和补偿翻译理论，本研究系统总结了中医元素在俄语翻译中的规律，并梳理归纳了《难经》中医术语的翻译方法与策略。此外，本研究还针对部分现有翻译提出了具体的改进方案。

Abstract: As an important classic of traditional Chinese medical culture, Nanjing (The Classic of Difficult Issues) encompasses a wide range of traditional Chinese medical knowledge and provides detailed records of various cold-induced and miscellaneous diseases, thus constituting an invaluable treasure in the history of Chinese medicine. Based on the theoretical frameworks of corpus linguistics and terminology, this thesis takes the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) terms in the Chinese-Russian parallel text of Nanjing as its research focus. A Chinese-Russian bilingual terminological corpus was constructed, on the basis of which the key elements of TCM terms and their Russian translations were subjected to in-depth analysis and discussion. Up to the present, the self-built Chinese-Russian parallel corpus contains 14,465 Chinese characters and 14,313 Russian characters. All corpus materials have been structurally aligned, yielding a total of 1201 Chinese-Russian sentence pairs. Based on this corpus, 111 TCM terms were extracted from Nanjing. In accordance with the national standards for TCM diagnostic and therapeutic terminology, these terms were systematically classified into three categories: terms of basic TCM theory, terms of TCM syndromes, and terms of TCM diagnosis and treatment. On this basis, drawing upon translation theory as well as the theories of cultural vacancy and compensatory translation, this study systematically summarizes the patterns governing the Russian translation of TCM elements and further synthesizes the principal methods and strategies for translating TCM terms in Nanjing. In addition, the thesis proposes specific improvements to certain existing translations.