职务科技成果赋权改革对高校专利产出的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Empowerment Reform of Job-Related Scientific Achievements on University Patent Output

摘要: 在创新驱动发展战略背景下，如何有效破解科技成果转化不畅的体制障碍已成为关键议题。高校作为国家战略科技力量的重要组成部分，其专利转化效率直接影响国家创新体系整体效能。本文基于2016~2023年59所高校的面板数据，采用双重差分法系统评估职务科技成果赋权改革的政策效应。研究发现，赋权改革显著促进了高校专利转化数量和专利质量的提升，体现出“提质增效”的政策效果，而对专利申请数量的影响相对有限。异质性检验发现，赋权改革对理工类、“211及省部共建”高校以及东部地区高校的促进作用更为突出。机制分析表明，改革通过明晰产权边界、强化内在激励，引导科研人员从追求“数量”转向注重“价值”。研究为深化赋权改革、优化高校专利治理提供了实证依据与政策启示。

Abstract: Under the innovation-driven development strategy, effectively addressing institutional barriers to technology transfer has become a critical issue. As a vital component of national strategic scientific and technological forces, universities patent conversion efficiency directly impacts the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system. Based on panel data from 59 universities between 2016 and 2023, this study systematically evaluates the policy effects of empowerment reform of job-related scientific achievements through the difference-in-differences method. The research reveals that the reform significantly enhances both the quantity and quality of university patent conversions, demonstrating a “quality-enhancement and efficiency-improvement” policy effect, while having relatively limited impact on patent application numbers. Heterogeneity tests indicate that the reform’s positive effects are more pronounced in science and engineering disciplines, “Project 211 and Provincially and Ministerially Co-Constructed” universities, and institutions in eastern China. Mechanism analysis shows that the reform clarifies property rights boundaries and strengthens intrinsic incentives, guiding researchers to shift focus from “quantity” to “value”. This study provides empirical evidence and policy insights for deepening empowerment reform and optimizing university patent governance.