三条毛管淋洗棉花根区盐分的方法改为智慧滴水对盐分的影响

The Method of Leaching Salt in Cotton Root Zone with Three Capillaries was Changed to the Effect of Wisdom Dripping on Salt

摘要: 目的：农田的标准化建设及智能化，对节水灌溉带来蓬勃的发展机遇。但新疆的干旱缺水、降雨稀少、蒸发量大和土壤盐碱化等不确定性因素影响灌区的智能化、数字化及信息化，从而加大了智慧灌溉的难度。根据棉花根区盐分随地下水位、土壤性质、水质及施肥量等因素的变化而变化的原理，为节约大水漫灌冲洗盐分的用水量，在有限范围内预防盐碱化的继续蔓延，文章提出随棉花根区盐分的变化而智慧调节滴水量的新技术。方法：以滴灌条件下湿润体盐分积累在湿润体边缘的原理作为依据，根据盐分随水运移规律，采用滞后滴水的三条毛管，确定三条毛管间距、滴头距、毛管的铺设长度及滴水规则，然后对通过无线模块和传感器收集到的不同深度土壤水分、盐分等环境数据进行分析，以棉花根区盐分的变化作为决策采用智慧滴水的方法。结果：智慧滴水逐步冲洗棉花根区的盐分，从而节约冲洗盐分用水量。试验结果表明：栽种棉花的目标土盐分智慧滴水冲洗6次之后，棉花根系垂向0~20 cm之间盐分的降低量很明显，20 cm以下的盐分随灌水次数的增多而呈继续下降的趋势。结论：滞后滴水的三条毛管改为根区土壤盐分的变化而智慧调节滴水方法，为棉花根区盐分的精准冲洗，并有效控制盐碱化面积的蔓延，为灌区的数字化及信息化管理提供依据。

Abstract: Objective: The standardization and intelligentization of farmland bring vigorous development opportunities for water-saving irrigation. However, the uncertainty factors such as drought and water shortage, scarce rainfall, large evaporation and soil Stalinization in Xinjiang affect the intelligence, digitalization and informatization of irrigation areas, thus increasing the difficulty of intelligent irrigation. According to the principle that the salinity in cotton root zone changes with the changes of groundwater level, soil properties, water quality and fertilizer application amount, in order to save the water consumption for flushing the salinity by flood irrigation and prevent the continued spread of Stalinization in a limited range, this paper puts forward a new technology of intelligently adjusting the drip water amount with the changes of salinity in cotton root zone. Method: Based on the principle of salt accumulation on the edge of wetted body under drip irrigation, according to the law of salt migration with water, three capillary tubes with delayed dripping were used to determine the distance between the three capillary tubes, the distance between drippers, the laying length of capillary tubes and the dripping rules. Then, the environmental data of soil moisture and salt at different depths collected by wireless modules and sensors were analyzed, and the change of salt in cotton root area was taken as the decision-making method to adopt intelligent dripping. Result: Wisdom dripping gradually washes the salt in the cotton root area, thus saving the water consumption for washing the salt. The experimental results showed that after the target soil salt of cotton planting was washed by intelligent dripping water for 6 times, the salt content of cotton roots decreased obviously between 0 and 20 cm vertically, and the salt content below 20 cm continued to decrease with the increase of irrigation times. Conclusion: The three capillary tubes that lag in dripping water are changed into the method of intelligently adjusting dripping water according to the change of soil salinity in root zone, which provides a basis for the accurate flushing of salt in cotton root zone, effectively controlling the spread of Stalinization area and providing a basis for the digital and information management of irrigation areas.