小型污水处理站数字孪生基座的构建

Construction of a Digital Twin Foundation for Small Wastewater Treatment Stations

摘要: 针对小型老旧污水处理站普遍存在的图纸缺失、运维困难及实训安全隐患等问题，本研究集成背包三维激光扫描、无人船水下测量及建筑信息模型(BIM)逆向建模技术，构建了一套高精度数字孪生基座。项目实现了地上地下一体化、室内室外全要素、水上水下全覆盖的毫米级实景三维复制，并开发了沉浸式虚拟现实(VR)实训平台。通过详细的成本与效率对比分析，本方案较传统方法在数据采集效率上提升约4倍，建模精度达±5 mm，预计可使故障定位时间缩短50%以上，为同类中小型水务设施的轻量化、低成本数字化转型提供了可推广的技术路径。

Abstract: Addressing the prevalent issues of missing blueprints, operational difficulties, and safety risks in small, aged wastewater treatment plants, this research integrates backpack 3D laser scanning, unmanned surface vessel (USV) bathymetry, and Building Information Modeling (BIM) reverse engineering to construct a high-precision digital twin foundation. The project achieves millimeter-level, holistic 3D replication encompassing aboveground and underground structures, indoor and outdoor environments, and both above and below the water surface of an artificial lake. An immersive Virtual Reality (VR) training platform was also developed. Through detailed cost and efficiency comparative analysis, this approach demonstrates approximately a 4-fold increase in data acquisition efficiency compared to traditional methods, achieves a modeling accuracy of ±5 mm, and is projected to reduce fault localization time by over 50%. This provides a replicable, lightweight, and cost-effective digital transformation pathway for similar small and medium-sized water utilities.