人工智能体育裁判的“非完美性”：伦理审视、风险剖析与应对路径

The “Imperfection” of Artificial Intelligence in Sports Refereeing: Ethical Examination, Risk Analysis and Response Pathways

摘要: 人工智能技术在体育裁判领域的应用，正深刻改变着传统赛事执裁模式。然而，AI裁判并非如其技术宣传所宣称的那般“完美无缺”，其“非完美性”构成了一个亟待深入审视的伦理议题。本文从技术原理与体育伦理的双重维度出发，系统剖析AI裁判“非完美性”的技术根源及其引发的伦理风险。研究发现，AI裁判的“非完美性”主要体现在算法局限、数据偏差与场景适应不足三个层面，由此衍生出裁判主体地位模糊、价值判断让渡、程序正义缺失以及责任归属困境等伦理风险。为此，本文提出构建“人机协同”裁判模式、完善算法透明度与审查机制、区分事实性判罚与非事实性判罚的差异化应用、健全法律规制框架等应对路径，旨在促进AI裁判技术在尊重体育精神与人文价值的轨道上健康发展。

Abstract: The application of artificial intelligence in sports refereeing is profoundly transforming traditional officiating models. However, AI referees are not as “perfect” as claimed in technological narratives, and their “imperfection” constitutes an ethical issue requiring thorough examination. From the dual perspectives of technical principles and sports ethics, this paper systematically analyzes the technical roots of AI referees’ “imperfection” and the resulting ethical risks. The study finds that such “imperfection” mainly manifests in three aspects: algorithmic limitations, data bias, and insufficient scenario adaptability, giving rise to ethical risks including ambiguity in referee subject status, delegation of value judgments, lack of procedural justice, and dilemmas in accountability. Accordingly, this paper proposes constructing a “human-machine collaborative” refereeing model, improving algorithmic transparency and review mechanisms, differentiating application distinguishing factual from non-factual judgments, and refining legal regulatory frameworks, aiming to promote the healthy development of AI referee technology while respecting the spirit of sports and humanistic values.