兴安盟察尔森水库对吉林省向海湿地生态补水效应研究

The Study on the Ecological Water Supplement Effect of the Chaersen Reservoir in Xing’an League on the Xianghai Wetland of Jilin Province

摘要: 本研究以兴安盟察尔森水库和吉林省向海湿地为研究对象，利用2003年至2022年的Landsat系列遥感数据，结合目视解译和NDVI分析方法，评估了察尔森水库向向海湿地实施生态应急补水的效果。研究结果表明，面积变化：2003~2022年期间，察尔森水库和向海湿地的面积均呈现上升趋势。具体来看，察尔森水库的总面积从22.94 km²增加至62.05 km²，扩展方向主要为北部和西部；向海湿地的总面积从35.46 km²增加至59.38 km²，主要向西北和东南方向延伸。生态补水效应：研究重点分析了2004年、2011年和2020年三次“引察济向”生态补水工作对向海湿地的影响。在2004年实施3470万m³补水后，向海湿地面积由35.46 km²增加至39.71 km²，NDVI值从0.28下降至0.26；2011年补水6220万m³后，湿地面积由36.50 km²增加至60.27 km²，NDVI值从0.25升至0.28；2020年补水6400万m³后，湿地面积由51.01 km²增加至62.58 km²，NDVI值从0.31升至0.32。效果总结：这三次生态补水有效缓解了向海湿地的缺水问题，增加了湿地的水源和水库蓄水量，促进了湿地面积的恢复。同时，三次补水工程对湿地植被的恢复起到了积极作用，促进了湿地生态系统的恢复，并带来了积极的社会效益。

Abstract: This study focuses on the Chaersen Reservoir in the Xing’an League and the Xianghai Wetland in Jilin Province, using Landsat series remote sensing data from 2003 to 2022, combined with visual interpretation and NDVI analysis methods, to assess the effectiveness of ecological emergency water replenishment from the Chaersen Reservoir to the Xianghai Wetland. The findings are as follows: Area Changes: Between 2003 and 2022, both the Chaersen Reservoir and the Xianghai Wetland exhibited an increasing trend in area. Specifically, the total area of the Chaersen Reservoir expanded from 22.94 km² to 62.05 km², extending primarily northward and westward. Meanwhile, the total area of the Xianghai Wetland grew from 35.46 km² to 59.38 km², mainly expanding to the northwest and southeast. Ecological Water Replenishment Effect: The study focuses on the effects of three ecological water replenishment projects—carried out in 2004, 2011, and 2020—on the Xianghai Wetland. After 34.7 million m³ of water was replenished in 2004, the Xianghai Wetland’s area increased from 35.46 km² to 39.71 km², with the NDVI value decreasing from 0.28 to 0.26. In 2011, following the replenishment of 62.2 million m³, the wetland area expanded from 36.50 km² to 60.27 km², and the NDVI value rose from 0.25 to 0.28. After 64 million m³ of water replenishment in 2020, the wetland area grew from 51.01 km² to 62.58 km², and the NDVI value increased from 0.31 to 0.32. Summary of Effects: The three ecological water replenishment projects effectively alleviated the water shortage problem in the Xianghai Wetland, increased the water storage capacity of the reservoir, and promoted the restoration of wetland areas. Additionally, the water replenishment projects positively impacted the recovery of wetland vegetation, facilitated ecosystem restoration, and provided significant social benefits.