基于PIREP的成都天府与双流机场低空风切变与颠簸特征分析

Analysis of Low-Altitude Wind Shear and Bumpiness Characteristics at Chengdu Tianfu and Shuangliu Airports Based on PIREP

摘要: 低空风切变(WS)与航空器颠簸是影响进近与起飞阶段运行安全的关键危险天气。本文以近年两场航空器空中报告、两场年总簿、双流机场气候志、天府机场气候志为主要资料来源，统计风切变与颠簸个例，结合世界气象组织(WMO)对风切变及颠簸强度分级的说明，对成都两机场(天府、双流)风切变与颠簸的发生频次、季节变化、垂直高度分布、成因类型与运行风险进行对比。结果表明：两机场低空风切变均以对流过程为首要背景，颠簸在成都区域呈明显冬半年高发特征，与高空急流/槽及中低层切变系统有关，夏季则更偏向对流颠簸。由于缺少地面专用探测与告警设备，对风切变的探测仍依赖航空器空中报告(PIREP)，在业务结论基础上提出建立PIREP—雷达探空闭环，强化跑道风场不连续监测。

Abstract: Low-altitude wind shear (WS) and aircraft turbulence are the key hazardous weather conditions that affect the safety of operations during the approach and takeoff phases. This paper uses two recent aircraft in-flight reports, two annual general records, the climate chronicle of Shuangliu Airport, and the climate chronicle of Tianfu Airport as the main data sources to statistically analyze wind shear and turbulence cases. By combining the explanations of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) on the classification of wind shear and turbulence intensity, the occurrence frequency, seasonal variations, vertical height distribution, cause types, and operational risks of wind shear and turbulence at the two airports (Tianfu and Shuangliu) in Chengdu are compared. The results show that low-altitude wind shear at both airports is mainly caused by convective processes as the primary background. Turbulence in Chengdu shows a significantly higher incidence in the winter half-year, which is related to the upper-level jet/stream and mid-low-level shear systems. In summer, it is more inclined to convective turbulence. Due to the lack of dedicated ground detection and alarm equipment, the detection of wind shear still relies on aircraft in-flight reports (PIREP). Based on the business conclusion, it is proposed to further establish a PIREP-radar sounding closed-loop system and strengthen the monitoring of runway wind field discontinuity.