龙陵县冷凉烟区抗冷促根与营养调控配套技术的应用效应及适配性研究

Study on the Application Effects and Adaptability of Integrated Techniques for Cold Resistance, Root Promotion and Nutrient Regulation in the Cool Tobacco-Growing Area of Longling County

摘要: 为探究龙陵县冷凉烟区抗冷促根与营养调控配套技术的应用效应及区域适配性，以龙新、象达烟区云烟100为试验材料，设置7个单一措施处理及4种典型配套技术组合，测定分析烟株根冠发育、农艺性状及烟叶产质量相关指标，结合隶属函数法综合评价技术效应。结果表明，配套技术的应用效应显著优于单一措施，能实现烟株根冠生物量与根冠比的均衡提升，全面优化株高、茎围、叶面积等农艺性状，解决了单一措施存在的根系发育不足、冠层徒长或产质矛盾等问题，实现烟叶产量与品质的协同提升。其中黄腐酸钾 + 低温保护剂、生物有机肥 + 氨基酸灌根为该区最优配套组合，两区应用后亩产值均突破4500元，较常规提升超30%。龙新、象达烟区呈现差异化的技术适配规律，象达烟区土壤肥力响应敏感、烟株生长基础好，适配黄腐酸钾 + 低温保护剂的高强度调控组合；龙新烟区烟株前期生长基础较弱，更适配生物有机肥 + 氨基酸灌根的温和型高性价比组合，技术适配核心为调控强度与烟区生态承载力、烟株生长基础精准匹配。本研究构建了龙陵县冷凉烟区针对性的抗冷促根与营养调控配套技术体系，为滇西及同类冷凉烟区烤烟优质高效栽培提供了技术支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: To explore the application effects and regional adaptability of the integrated cold resistance, root promotion and nutrient regulation techniques in the cold and cool tobacco-growing areas of Longling County, the experiment was conducted using Yunyan 100 as the test material in the Longxin and Xiangda tobacco-growing areas. Seven single measure treatments and four typical integrated technology combinations were set up. The root-shoot development, agronomic traits and tobacco leaf yield and quality related indicators of the tobacco plants were measured and analyzed. The technical effects were comprehensively evaluated by the membership function method. The results showed that the application effects of the integrated techniques were significantly better than those of the single measures. They could achieve a balanced increase in the root-shoot biomass and root-shoot ratio of the tobacco plants, comprehensively optimize the agronomic traits such as plant height, stem girth and leaf area, and solve the problems of insufficient root development, excessive canopy growth or yield-quality contradiction caused by the single measures. They could also achieve a coordinated improvement in tobacco leaf yield and quality. Among them, potassium fulvate + low-temperature protectant and bio-organic fertilizer + amino acid root irrigation were the optimal integrated combinations for this area. After application in both areas, the per mu output value exceeded 4,500 yuan, an increase of more than 30% compared with the conventional method. The Longxin and Xiangda tobacco-growing areas showed differentiated technical adaptation patterns. The Xiangda tobacco-growing area had a sensitive response to soil fertility and a good growth foundation for tobacco plants, and was suitable for the high-intensity regulation combination of potassium fulvate + low-temperature protectant. The Longxin tobacco-growing area had a weak growth foundation for tobacco plants in the early stage and was more suitable for the mild and cost-effective combination of bio-organic fertilizer + amino acid root irrigation. The core of technical adaptation was the precise matching of the regulation intensity with the ecological carrying capacity and growth foundation of the tobacco-growing area. This study constructed a targeted integrated cold resistance, root promotion and nutrient regulation technology system for the cold and cool tobacco-growing areas of Longling County, providing technical support and practical reference for the high-quality and efficient cultivation of flue-cured tobacco in the western Yunnan and similar cold and cool tobacco-growing areas.