云南葡萄育种团队杂交育种研究进展与展望

Progress and Prospect of Hybrid Breeding by Yunnan Grape Breeding Team

摘要: 多年引种试验表明，国内外大多数传统抗葡萄根瘤蚜砧木的长势及其耐盐碱、耐高温的能力均不够强，嫁接树普遍有小脚现象；许多欧亚种传统酿酒品种也不耐雨水，抗病性差，栽培区域狭窄，含糖量和花青苷含量较低，酒色浅。于是从2010年春季起我们便开启了利用东亚种群野生葡萄杂交培育强势砧木和高糖、高花青苷酿酒品种的育种之路，截至2025年底，云南葡萄育种团队累计已有10个砧木和8个酿酒葡萄新品种获得国家农业农村部登记，2个获省级登记，另有20多个新品种还在开展DUS测试中。云砧系列砧木长势旺盛，耐酸，耐盐碱，耐高温，耐旱，没有小脚现象，是嫁接弱势品种理想的乔化砧木，与自根苗相比较，长势增强30%~50%，产量增加20%以上。云酿系列新品种多数长势好、耐高温、耐干旱、高产、高糖、抗病、酒色深、口感好，可以显著扩大酿酒葡萄的栽培范围，极有推广潜力。

Abstract: Years of introduction experiments have shown that the growth of most traditional rootstocks resistant to phylloxera at home and abroad, as well as their tolerance to salt-alkali and high temperatures, are not strong enough, and grafted trees generally have the phenomenon of small feet. Various traditional European and Asian wine-making varieties are also not tolerant of rain, have poor disease resistance, are cultivated in narrow areas, have low sugar content and anthocyanin content, and the wine color is light. Since the spring of 2010, our team have embarked on a breeding journey to cultivate strong rootstocks and high-sugar and high-anthanthin wine varieties through hybridization of wild grapes from East Asian populations. By the end of 2025, the Yunnan grape breeding team had cumulatively had 10 rootstocks and 8 new wine grape varieties registered with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, and 2 had been registered at the provincial level. More than 20 new varieties are still undergoing DUS testing. The Yunzhen series of rootstocks grow vigorously, are resistant to acid, salt and alkali, high temperature and drought, and have no small feet. They are ideal rootstocks for grafting weak varieties. Compared with self-rooted seedlings, their growth is enhanced by 30% to 50%, and the yield is increased by more than 20%. Most of the new varieties in the Yunniang series have good growth, are heat-tolerant, drought-tolerant, high-yielding, high-sugar, disease-resistant, have deep wine color and good taste. They can significantly expand the cultivation range of wine grapes and have great potential for promotion.