《何以中国》字幕翻译的跨文化适应：基于生态翻译学的文化负载词个案研究

Cross-Cultural Adaptation of “China before China” Subtitle Translation: A Case Study of Culturally Loaded Words Based on Eco-Translatology

摘要: 在中华优秀传统文化“走出去”的战略背景下，视听作品的字幕翻译成为跨文化传播的关键环节。纪录片《何以中国》作为展现中华文明源流的载体，其字幕中文化负载词的处理直接影响着文化传递的深度与广度。本研究以胡庚申教授的生态翻译学为理论视角，聚焦《何以中国》字幕翻译这一典型个案，深入考察译者如何在纪录片特定的“翻译生态环境”中，通过语言维、文化维、交际维的适应性选择转换，实现文化负载词的跨文化适应。研究发现，译者通过多维度、动态化的适应性策略，有效平衡了源语文化内涵的准确传达与译语观众的理解接受，成功促进了中华文明的国际理解与认同。此案例不仅为影视翻译实践提供了生态翻译学视角的范例，也为中华优秀传统文化在全球化语境下的有效传播路径提供了重要启示。

Abstract: Under the strategic context of promoting the excellent traditional Chinese culture internationally, subtitle translation of audiovisual works has become a key link in cross-cultural communication. The documentary “China Before China” serves as a carrier to showcase the origins of Chinese civilization, and the handling of culturally loaded words in its subtitles directly affects the depth and breadth of cultural transmission. This study, based on Professor Hu Gengshen’s Eco-translatology focuses on the documentary “China Before China” as a typical case, deeply examining how translators, within the specific “translation ecological environment” of the documentary, achieve cross-cultural adaptation of culturally loaded words through adaptive choices in linguistic, cultural, and communicative dimensions. The research finds that translators, through multi-dimensional and dynamic adaptive strategies, effectively balance the accurate transmission of the source culture’s connotations with the target audience’s comprehension and acceptance, successfully promoting international understanding and recognition of Chinese civilization. This case not only provides a model of Eco-translatology for audiovisual translation practice but also offers important insights into effective pathways for disseminating China’s excellent traditional culture in a globalized context.