乌东煤矿复杂煤层煤尘物化特性研究与分析

Research and Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Coal Dust from Complex Coal Seams in Wudong Coal Mine

摘要: 煤矿粉尘是矿井生产过程中重要的职业危害因素，其理化特性直接影响粉尘扩散规律及降尘效果。以乌东煤矿急倾斜厚煤层开采条件为研究对象，通过现场采样与实验测试相结合的方法，对综放工作面、掘进工作面及喷浆作业区粉尘的浓度分布、粒径特征及润湿性进行了研究。结果表明：掘进工作面粉尘污染程度高于综放工作面，掘进机司机处总尘浓度达到322.3 mg/m³；综放工作面采煤机司机处和移架区域粉尘浓度较高。矿井粉尘粒径主要集中在5~13 μm范围内，呼吸性粉尘比例最高达到57.6%。煤尘接触角分布在31˚~113˚之间，多数煤层表现为疏水性。研究表明，矿井粉尘污染与作业方式、粒径分布及煤尘润湿性密切相关，应通过源头抑尘与喷雾降尘优化实现综合治理。

Abstract: Coal mine dust is an important occupational hazard factor in the production process of coal mines. Its physical and chemical properties directly affect the dust dispersion pattern and dust suppression effect. Taking the mining conditions of a steeply inclined thick coal seam in Wudong Coal Mine as the research object, through the combination of on-site sampling and experimental testing, the concentration distribution, particle size characteristics, and wettability of dust in the comprehensive mining face, tunneling face, and spraying operation area were studied. The results show that the dust pollution degree in the tunneling face is higher than that in the comprehensive mining face, and the total dust concentration at the driver’s position of the tunneling machine reaches 322.3 mg/m³; the dust concentration at the coal mining machine driver’s position and the moving support area in the comprehensive mining face is relatively high. The particle size of mine dust mainly falls within the range of 5~13 μm, and the proportion of respirable dust is the highest, reaching 57.6%. The contact angle of coal dust ranges from 31˚ to 113˚, and most coal seams exhibit hydrophobicity. The study indicates that mine dust pollution is closely related to the working method, particle size distribution, and wettability of coal dust, and comprehensive control should be achieved through source dust suppression and spray dust suppression optimization.