儿童特应性皮炎合并接触致敏的研究进展
Research Progress on Atopic Dermatitis Combined with Contact Sensitization in Children
摘要: 儿童特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis, AD)与变应性接触性皮炎(allergic contact dermatitis, ACD)的关系长期存在争议。早期研究认为AD对ACD的发生存在抑制作用，即AD患儿不容易发生接触致敏，而近年来的研究表明AD患儿的接触致敏风险较健康儿童更高，同时致敏原谱正在发生变化：尽管镍仍是儿童最常见的致敏原，但在AD患儿中，氧化香料、外用药及洗护产品基质的致敏率正在逐年上升。本文从流行病学证据出发，对致敏原谱的特征和接触致敏机制研究进展进行综述，并总结了临床上应考虑合并ACD的要点，即何时应使用斑贴试验。
Abstract: The relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in children has long been debated. Early studies suggested that AD may have an inhibitory effect on the development of ACD, implying that children with AD are less likely to develop contact sensitization. However, recent studies indicate that children with AD have a higher risk of contact sensitization compared with healthy children, and the spectrum of allergens is also changing: although nickel remains the most common allergen in children, the sensitization rates to oxidized fragrances, topical medications, and vehicle components of skin care products are increasing annually among children with AD. This article reviews the epidemiological evidence, the characteristics of the allergen spectrum, and the progress in research on mechanisms of contact sensitization, and summarizes the clinical indications for considering concomitant ACD, specifically when patch testing should be performed.
文章引用：黄谞豪, 王华. 儿童特应性皮炎合并接触致敏的研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(5): 80-85. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1651790

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