适老化无障碍环境建设检察公益诉讼的适用困境与完善建议

The Application Dilemma and Improvement Suggestions of Public Interest Litigation in the Construction of Elderly-Friendly and Barrier-Free Environments by the Procuratorate

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化进程加速，适老化无障碍环境建设已成为落实与应对老龄化战略的关键举措。2023年《中华人民共和国无障碍环境建设法》的实施，正式确立了该领域的检察公益诉讼制度，加强对该领域的监督制约。然而，作为一项新兴制度，其在实践中面临多重困境。因此，笔者通过对典型实践案例分析，系统检视了当前适用中的核心问题。在制度层面，检察机关的监督权受限。在程序层面，诉前程序的标准认定模糊，民事与行政公益诉讼的适用顺位不清。在规则层面，行政诉讼的证明责任分配不当。为解决上述困境，笔者从完善检察行政监督制度、优化诉前程序机制、厘清诉讼类型顺位、明晰举证责任分配等方面提出完善建议，旨在推动适老化无障碍环境建设检察公益诉讼更加有序发展，切实保障老年人等弱势群体的合法权益，促进社会公平正义与文明进步。

Abstract: With the accelerating process of population aging in our country, the construction of an aging-friendly and barrier-free environment has become a key measure to implement and respond to the aging strategy. The implementation of the “Law on the Construction of Barrier-Free Environments” in 2023 officially established the public interest litigation system in this field, strengthening supervision and restraint. However, as a new system, it faces multiple challenges in practice. Therefore, through the analysis of typical practical cases, the author systematically examines the core issues in current application. At the institutional level, the supervisory power of the procuratorial organs is limited. At the procedural level, the standards for pre-litigation procedures are ambiguous, and the application sequence of civil and administrative public interest litigation is unclear. At the rule level, the allocation of the burden of proof in administrative litigation is inappropriate. To address these challenges, the author proposes improvement suggestions from aspects such as perfecting the procuratorial administrative supervision system, optimizing the pre-litigation procedure mechanism, clarifying the sequence of litigation types, and clarifying the allocation of the burden of proof, aiming to promote the more orderly development of public interest litigation for the construction of accessible and barrier-free environments for the elderly, effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly and other vulnerable groups, and promote social fairness, justice, and civilization.