城市智治背景下应对人口老龄化的治理转型研究：从“管理”到“治理”的路径探索

Research on Governance Transformation in Response to Population Aging under the Background of Urban Intelligent Governance: Exploring the Path from “Management” to “Governance”

摘要: 在人口老龄化加速、数字技术革命迅猛发展的时代，中国城市正在经历一次十分明确、有逻辑的治理范式变革，因此本文对城市智治这一新范式如何促进城市应对老龄化挑战的治理模式从传统的行政主导型“管理”转向多元协同型“治理”做了系统的分析。首先厘清了城市智治及老龄化治理的内涵，以及二者融合的理论逻辑，继而系统考察了国内若干城市以智治赋能老龄化应对的现有实践，即“一网统管”下的资源整合、智能感知及风险预警、线上线下融合的服务创新。然而，研究也揭示出转型过程中存在的深层矛盾：技术赋能与数字鸿沟的张力、部门管理壁垒与整体性治理的冲突、技术理性与人文关怀的失衡、政府主导与多元共治的博弈。由此本研究提出构建“老年友好型智慧治理共同体”的路径框架：一是推动技术向善、设计包容，以弥合数字鸿沟；二是构建跨部门协同、数据共享的体制机制，以打破行政碎片化；三是坚持以人为本，让服务模式从“供给导向”真正转向“需求响应”；四是激发市场与社会活力，完善“政府–市场–社会–家庭–个人”多元共治格局。本研究旨在为城市在智治时代系统性、前瞻性地应对人口老龄化提供理论参考与实践指引。

Abstract: In the era of accelerated population aging and rapid development of digital technology revolution, Chinese cities are undergoing a very clear and logical governance paradigm change. Therefore, this paper makes a systematic analysis on how the new paradigm of Urban Smart governance promotes the governance mode of cities to cope with the challenges of aging from the traditional administrative led “management” to the multiple collaborative “governance”. Firstly, it clarifies the connotation of Urban Smart governance and aging governance, as well as the theoretical logic of their integration, and then systematically investigates the existing practice of smart governance enabling aging in several domestic cities, namely, resource integration, intelligent perception and risk early warning under “one network management”, and service innovation of online and offline integration. However, the study also reveals the deep contradictions in the process of transformation: the tension between technological empowerment and digital divide, the conflict between departmental management barriers and holistic governance, the imbalance between technological rationality and humanistic care, and the game between government leadership and pluralistic co governance. Therefore, this study proposes a path framework for building an “elderly friendly smart governance community”: first, promote technology to be good and design to be inclusive in order to bridge the digital divide; the second is to build an institutional mechanism of cross sectoral collaboration and data sharing to break the fragmentation of administration; the third is to adhere to the people-oriented principle and make the service mode change from “supply oriented” to “demand responsive”; fourth, stimulate the vitality of the market and society, and improve the “government market society family individual” pattern of multiple co governance. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for cities to systematically and prospectively respond to population aging in the era of intellectual governance.