数字技术赋能农村养老服务的实践困境与优化策略研究

A Study on the Practical Challenges and Optimization Strategies of Digital Technology Empowering Rural Elderly Care Services

摘要: 在人口老龄化不断加深与数字经济快速发展的背景下，数字技术为弥补农村养老服务资源不足、提升服务效率提供了重要支撑。本文以数字技术赋能农村养老服务为研究对象，运用文献梳理法，系统梳理国内外相关研究成果。国内研究多围绕智慧养老平台、农村养老数字化转型与老年人数字素养展开；国外研究则侧重智慧技术应用、智能家居与老年社会参与等方向。研究表明，现有研究对城市养老关注较多，针对农村场景的实证研究相对不足，并且实践中仍面临数字基础设施薄弱、老年群体数字鸿沟显著、智慧产品适老化程度不高、服务体系与数字平台衔接不足、政策与资金保障不够等问题。据此，本文从完善基础设施、提升数字素养、优化适老化设计、构建多方协同机制、健全政策保障体系五个方面提出优化路径。研究认为，数字技术有助于优化农村养老服务供给，未来应坚持技术创新与制度保障并重，推动城乡养老服务均衡发展，助力乡村振兴与健康中国建设。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening population aging and the rapid development of the digital economy, digital technology has provided important support for making up for the shortage of rural elderly care service resources and improving service efficiency. This paper takes digital technology-enabled rural elderly care services as the research object, and systematically sorts out relevant research results at home and abroad through the literature review method. Domestic studies mostly focus on smart elderly care platforms, the digital transformation of rural elderly care, and the digital literacy of the elderly; foreign studies emphasize the application of smart technologies, smart home devices, and social participation of the elderly. Research shows that existing studies pay more attention to urban elderly care, while empirical studies targeting rural scenarios are relatively insufficient. In practice, there are still challenges such as weak digital infrastructure, a prominent digital divide among the elderly, low adaptability of smart products to the elderly, inadequate integration between the service system and digital platforms, and insufficient policy and funding support. Accordingly, this paper proposes optimization paths from five aspects: improving infrastructure, enhancing digital literacy, optimizing elderly-friendly design, building a multi-stakeholder coordination mechanism, and perfecting the policy support system. The study argues that digital technology helps optimize the supply of rural elderly care services. In the future, equal emphasis should be placed on technological innovation and institutional guarantee to promote the balanced development of urban and rural elderly care services, and support rural revitalization and the construction of a Healthy China.