老龄化背景下家庭养老压力成因与风险治理研究

A Study on the Causes of Family Caregiving Pressure and Risk Management in the Context of an Aging Population

摘要: 人口老龄化与家庭结构转型的双重背景下，老年群体面临的家庭养老保障压力和风险呈现出新的结构性特征。囿于家庭规模缩小、空巢化与代际关系变迁的现实境况，家庭养老风险已深刻嵌入赡养压力、长期照护关系及财产分配机制之中，表现出隐蔽性、持续性与复杂性。现有制度以反家庭暴力与老年人权益保障为核心，但在风险识别、过程干预与制度协同方面仍有不足。本文从风险治理视角出发，旨在构建涵盖前端识别、基层干预、法律救济与家庭支持的多维治理体系，以期实现由事后处置向事前预防的治理转型，提升老龄化社会中家庭暴力防治的整体效能，保障老年群体的基本权益。

Abstract: Against the dual backdrop of population aging and shifting family structures, the pressures and risks facing the elderly regarding family-based elderly care have taken on new structural characteristics. Constrained by the realities of shrinking family sizes, the rise of empty-nest households, and changing intergenerational relationships, the risks associated with family-based elderly care have become deeply embedded in the dynamics of financial support, long-term care relationships, and property distribution mechanisms, exhibiting hidden, persistent, and complex characteristics. Existing systems focus primarily on combating domestic violence and safeguarding the rights of the elderly, yet they remain inadequate in terms of risk identification, process intervention, and institutional coordination. From a risk governance perspective, this paper aims to construct a multidimensional governance system encompassing early identification, grassroots intervention, legal remedies, and family support. The goal is to shift governance from reactive post-incident management to proactive prevention, thereby enhancing the overall effectiveness of domestic violence prevention and control in an aging society and safeguarding the fundamental rights of the elderly.