亲子关系对青少年心理健康的影响：基于三个核心维度的系统综述

The Impact of Parent-Child Relationships on Adolescent Mental Health: A Systematic Review Based on Three Core Dimensions

摘要: 亲子关系作为家庭系统的核心纽带，对青少年心理健康发展具有深远影响。本文系统梳理了亲子依恋、亲子亲合、亲子冲突三个维度对心理健康的影响及其作用机制。研究发现：在影响层面，良好的亲子关系能够显著降低青少年抑郁、焦虑、孤独感等内化问题，减少外化问题行为，同时提升主观幸福感与生活满意度；母子关系对自我调节能力影响更突出，父子关系对外化问题行为预测力更强。在机制层面，现有研究构建了直接效应、中介效应与调节效应三层网络——自尊、心理韧性、情绪调节自我效能感等个体因素发挥核心中介作用，同伴关系等社会因素形成链式中介路径，性别、自我关怀、社会支持等因素则调节作用强度与边界。未来研究应加强纵向追踪设计以揭示因果关系，关注积极心理健康指标，为青少年心理健康服务体系建设提供实证支撑。

Abstract: As the core bond of the family system, parent-child relationship exerts a profound influence on adolescent mental health development. This paper systematically reviews the influences and underlying mechanisms of three dimensions of parent-child relationship (i.e., parent-child attachment, parent-child cohesion, and parent-child conflict) on mental health. Existing studies indicate that a positive parent-child relationship can significantly reduce adolescent internalizing problems such as depression, anxiety and loneliness, decrease externalizing problem behaviors, and improve their subjective well-being and life satisfaction. The mother-child relationship has a more salient effect on self-regulation ability, while the father-child relationship shows stronger predictive power for externalizing problem behaviors. In terms of mechanism, previous studies have established a three-level framework consisting of direct effects, mediating effects and moderating effects. Individual factors such as self-esteem, psychological resilience and emotional regulation self-efficacy act as key mediators. Social factors including peer relationship form chain mediating pathways, while factors such as gender, self-compassion and social support moderate the strength and boundary of the effects. Future research should adopt longitudinal designs to clarify causality, pay more attention to positive indicators of mental health, and provide empirical support for the construction of an adolescent mental health service system.