浅析重视阿尔茨海默症家属照顾者心理健康的重要性

A Brief Analysis on the Importance of Attaching Importance to Mental Health of Family Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

摘要: 阿尔茨海默症(AD)是老年期痴呆的主要类型，已成为全球性重大公共卫生问题。受文化背景影响，我国AD照顾者在结构特征上与西方国家存在显著差异，现有研究多沿用西方单一的“家庭照顾者”视角，忽视本土情境下多元照顾角色与复杂心理反应机制。本文明确界定AD家属、家庭照顾者、家属照顾者三类概念，并列举了该群体连带病耻感、预期性悲伤两大核心心理特征，并从心理学理论框架、群体差异、深层心理机制、特殊群体关怀等方面提出未来研究方向。家属照顾者兼具亲属关系与照护责任，在文化、疾病、社会等多重压力下心理状态更为复杂，其心理健康问题亟待重视。深入开展AD家属照顾者心理健康研究，具有重要的学术价值与现实意义。

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the predominant type of dementia in the elderly and has become a major global public health concern. Influenced by cultural contexts, the structural characteristics of AD caregivers in China differ significantly from those in Western countries. Most existing studies adopt the single Western perspective of “family caregivers”, neglecting the diverse caregiving roles and complex psychological response mechanisms under indigenous circumstances. This paper clearly defines three concepts: AD family members, family caregivers, and family member caregivers. It also elaborates on two core psychological characteristics of this group, namely affiliate stigma and anticipatory grief, and proposes future research directions from the perspectives of psychological theoretical frameworks, group differences, indepth psychological mechanisms, and care for special populations. Family member caregivers assume both kinship ties and caregiving responsibilities, and their psychological states are more complex under the multiple pressures of culture, disease, and society, making their mental health an urgent issue to be addressed. Indepth research on the mental health of AD family member caregivers carries important academic value and practical significance.