溯理而行：初中数学教学中学生运算素养的培养策略

Tracing Principles to Practice: Strategies for Cultivating Students’ Computational Literacy in Middle School Mathematics Teaching

摘要: 运算素养是初中数学核心素养的重要组成部分，直接影响学生数学学习的成效与思维品质的发展。针对当前运算教学中学生算理理解表层化、算法掌握碎片化、运算过程随意化、错题利用表面化等问题，文章提出“溯理而行”的教学理念，强调以算理理解为根基、算法掌握为工具、策略选择为智慧。结合人教版教材典型例题，从五个维度展开策略探讨：溯算理之“源”夯实根基，探算法之“优”提升效率，建程序之“范”规范过程，借错题之“鉴”深化理解，融文化之“韵”激活动力，旨在为核心素养导向下的初中数学运算教学提供实践路径。

Abstract: Computational literacy is a core component of junior high school mathematics key competencies, directly influencing students’ effectiveness in mathematics learning and the development of their thinking quality. To address common issues in current computational instruction—such as students’ superficial understanding of mathematical principles, fragmented mastery of algorithms, casual approaches to computational procedures, and shallow use of errors for learning—this paper proposes the teaching philosophy of “Tracing Principles to Act.” This approach emphasizes a solid understanding of mathematical principles as the foundation, mastery of algorithms as the tool, and strategic selection as the wisdom. Drawing on typical examples from the PEP textbook, the paper explores instructional strategies from five dimensions: tracing the “source” of principles to solidify the foundation, exploring “optimal” algorithms to enhance efficiency, establishing “standardized” procedures to regulate the process, using “errors” as mirrors to deepen understanding, and integrating the “charm” of mathematical culture to stimulate motivation. The aim is to provide a practical pathway for teaching junior high school mathematics computation guided by core literacy.