不确定性下的生涯适应：“慢就业”意愿的调节效应

Career Adaptation under Uncertainty: The Moderating Effect of “Slow Employment” Intention

摘要: “慢就业”作为当前青年就业趋势中的一种新现象，常常被视为消极拖延，却忽略了其中蕴含着主动的职业建构策略。文章基于生涯建构理论，探讨无法忍受不确定性、慢就业意愿与生涯适应力之间的关系。通过对450名福建地区高校大学生的问卷调查，研究发现：无法忍受不确定性与生涯适应力呈显著正相关(r = 0.13, p < 0.05)；慢就业意愿在二者之间具有显著调节作用(β = 0.63, p < 0.05)，即高慢就业意愿个体在面临高不确定性时，反而表现出更强的生涯适应力，并出现从负向作用调整为正向作用的效果。研究认为，慢就业并非单纯的拖延或逃避，在特定条件下可转化为积极的生涯探索策略。文章建议应重新审视“慢就业”的多重属性，针对不同就业倾向者提供更具针对性的职业指导与心理支持，帮助青年实现更好的职业规划与生涯发展。

Abstract: “Slow employment,” an emerging phenomenon in contemporary youth employment trends, is often perceived as passive procrastination while its potential as an active career-building strategy is overlooked. Grounded in career construction theory, this study examines the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty, slow employment intentions, and career adaptability. A questionnaire survey of 450 college students in Fujian Province revealed a significant positive correlation between intolerance of uncertainty and career adaptability (r = 0.13, p < 0.05), with slow employment intentions demonstrating a significant moderating effect (β = 0.63, p < 0.05). Specifically, individuals with high slow employment intentions exhibited stronger career adaptability when facing high uncertainty levels, showing a reversal from negative to positive effects. The research concludes that slow employment is not merely procrastination or avoidance but can evolve into a proactive career exploration strategy under specific conditions. The study recommends reevaluating the multifaceted nature of “slow employment” and providing tailored career guidance and psychological support for diverse employment orientations to enhance youth career planning and development.