全渠道零售环境下的库存履约策略研究综述

Inventory Fulfillment Strategies in Omnichannel Retailing: A Literature Review

摘要: 随着全渠道零售的快速发展，零售商在订单履约与库存管理方面面临着日益复杂的决策挑战。如何在多渠道融合背景下实现库存配给、订单分配与配送资源的协同优化，已成为提升运营效率和消费者体验的关键。文章综述了全渠道零售环境下的订单分配与履约优化问题，重点探讨了库存配给策略、BOSS (Buy-Online-Ship-from-Store)策略下的订单分配决策，以及众包派送在最后一公里配送中的应用。同时，系统梳理了国内外相关研究成果，分析了现有研究在库存配给与订单分配联合决策、多产品订单拆分，以及众包派送与上游决策协同优化等方面的研究缺口。在此基础上，展望了未来研究方向，旨在为全渠道零售运营管理提供理论支持和实践参考。

Abstract: With the rapid development of omnichannel retail, retailers are facing increasingly complex decision-making challenges in order fulfillment and inventory management. Achieving the synergistic optimization of inventory rationing, order allocation, and delivery resources under the background of multi-channel integration has become critical to enhancing operational efficiency and consumer experience. This paper provides a comprehensive review of order allocation and fulfillment optimization issues in the omnichannel retail environment, with a focus on inventory rationing strategies, order allocation decisions under the BOSS (Buy-Online-Ship-from-Store) strategy, and the application of crowdsourced delivery in last-mile logistics. Meanwhile, the article systematically synthesizes relevant research findings from both domestic and international studies and identifies research gaps in areas such as the joint decision-making of inventory rationing and order allocation, multi-product order splitting, and the collaborative optimization of crowdsourced delivery with upstream decisions. Based on this analysis, future research directions are proposed, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for omnichannel retail operations management.