矿区废弃地土壤微生物特征及其影响因素：基于Meta分析的研究
Characteristics of Soil Microorganisms and Their Influencing Factors in Mine Wasteland: A Study Based on Meta Analysis
摘要: 土壤微生物在物质循环过程中对外界环境的改变比较敏感，是评价土壤质量的重要指标，这对矿区废弃地恢复的研究具有重大意义。为了探索矿区废弃地土壤微生物群落特征及其影响因素，我们使用Web of science和CNKI数据库系统进行数据收集，直至2021年1月13日，通过运用Meta分析的方法，共检索了2678篇文献，最后从24项研究中获得了2549个观测值的元数据集。研究结果表明：(1) 矿区开采后，土壤微生物种群和数量都发生了极大变化；(2) 煤矿区、锑矿区和铜矿区微生物物种较为丰富，相比铁矿区、锌矿区、菱镁矿区和稀土矿区更适于土壤微生物繁殖；(3) 研究中我们发现不同植被类型对土壤细菌丰度的影响表现为：灌木 > 乔草 > 乔木 > 草本 > 乔灌；(4) 随着矿区复垦年限的延长，矿区复垦后植被覆盖率提高，植物分泌物和枯枝落叶可能会影响到土壤养分水平，环境因子与菌群间合作增强，土壤环境的稳定性明显提高，细菌丰度显著上升。综上所述，矿区废弃地可以通过植被恢复改善土壤微生物群落特征，该研究结果对矿区恢复提供了一定的理论支撑。
Abstract: Soil microorganism is sensitive to the change of the external environment in the process of material circulation, and it is an important index to evaluate the soil quality, which is of great significance to the research on the restoration of mining wasteland. In order to explore the characteristics and driving factors of soil microbial community in mining wasteland, we used web of science and CNKI database system to collect data until January 13, 2021. A total of 2678 literatures were retrieved by using meta analysis method. In the last 24 studies, 2549 metadata sets of observation values were obtained. The results showed that: (1) the population and quantity of soil microorganism changed greatly after mining; (2) Compared with iron mine, zinc mine, magnesite mine and rare earth mine, coal mine, antimony mine and copper mine are more suitable for soil microbial reproduction; (3) In the study, we found that the effects of different vegetation types on soil bacterial abundance were as follows: Shrub > Joe grass > arbor > herb > Joe shrub; (4) With the extension of mining area reclamation years, the plant coverage increases after mining area reclamation, the flora secretion may affect the soil nutrient level, the cooperation between environmental factors and flora is enhanced, the stability of soil environment is significantly improved, and the bacterial abundance is significantly increased. In conclusion, the characteristics of soil microbial community can be improved by vegetation restoration in mining abandoned land, and the results of this study provide a certain theoretical support for mining restoration.
文章引用：赵艳妮, 肖亚旭, 黄富, 禹建梅, 杜杰明. 矿区废弃地土壤微生物特征及其影响因素：基于Meta分析的研究[J]. 土壤科学, 2026, 14(2): 113-124. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjss.2026.142012

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