新型循环因子外泌体与非编码RNA在局灶 节段性肾小球硬化中的研究进展
Research Progress of Novel Circulating Factors Exosomes and Non‑Coding RNA in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
摘要: 局灶节段性肾小球硬化症(focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, FSGS)是一种以足细胞损伤、肾小球硬化和显著蛋白尿为特征的难治性肾脏疾病，易进展为终末期肾病，而现有诊疗手段存在局限；外泌体作为细胞通讯载体，携带非编码RNA (ncRNA)在FSGS中起关键调控作用。miRNA、lncRNA和circRNA通过靶向信号通路，参与足细胞凋亡、炎症和纤维化等病理过程，并有望成为诊断标志物和治疗靶点。外泌体靶向药物递送系统为FSGS治疗开辟新途径。但存在异质性和标准化不足等问题。未来需进一步解析调控网络，推动临床转化，为FSGS精准诊疗提供新范式。
Abstract: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a refractory kidney disease characterized by podocyte damage, glomerulosclerosis, and significant proteinuria, which is prone to progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), while existing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have limitations. Exosomes, as cellular communication carriers, play a critical regulatory role in FSGS by carrying non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs participate in pathological processes such as podocyte apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis by targeting signaling pathways, and are promising as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Exosome-targeted drug delivery systems offer a novel approach for FSGS treatment. However, issues such as heterogeneity and insufficient standardization remain. Future efforts should focus on further elucidating regulatory networks, promoting clinical translation, and providing new paradigms for the precision diagnosis and treatment of FSGS.
文章引用：周鲁明, 曲海燕. 新型循环因子外泌体与非编码RNA在局灶 节段性肾小球硬化中的研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(5): 153-162. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1651800

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