中医外治法治疗肺脾气虚型小儿反复 呼吸道感染的研究进展

Research Progress on the Treatment of Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Children with Lung-Spleen Qi Deficiency by External Therapies in Traditional Chinese Medicine

摘要: 反复呼吸道感染是儿科临床多发的呼吸系统疾病，具有反复发作、病程迁延、病情缠绵难愈的特点。严重影响儿童生长发育与身心健康。肺脾气虚是本病最主要的证型，病机以卫表不固、脾虚生痰、正虚邪恋为主。西医治疗多以对症干预与免疫调节为主，长期应用存在局限；中药内服虽疗效肯定，但患儿服药依从性普遍偏低。中医外治法具有无创、安全、易于接受等优势，近年来在肺脾气虚型反复呼吸道感染干预中应用广泛。本文从中医理论认识、常用外治法、联合干预方案及作用机制等方面进行综述，总结当前研究进展与不足，并对未来研究方向进行展望，为临床优化治疗方案提供参考。

Abstract: Recurrent respiratory infections are a common respiratory disease in pediatric clinical practice, characterized by recurrent episodes, prolonged course, and persistent and difficult to cure conditions and have serious impact on children’s growth, development, and physical and mental health. Lung-spleen qi deficiency is the main syndrome type of this disease, and the pathogenesis is mainly characterized by weak defense surface, spleen deficiency leading to phlegm production, and the relationship between positive and negative factors. Western medicine treatment mainly focuses on symptomatic intervention and immune regulation, which has limitations in long-term application; Although traditional Chinese medicine is effective for oral administration, the medication adherence of children is generally low. Traditional Chinese medicine external treatment methods have the advantages of non-invasiveness, safety, and easy acceptance, and have been widely used in the intervention of recurrent respiratory tract infections of lung spleen qi deficiency type in recent years. This article reviews the theoretical understanding of traditional Chinese medicine, commonly used external treatment methods, combined intervention plans, and mechanisms of action, summarizes current research progress, and looks forward to future research directions, providing reference for optimizing treatment plans in clinical practice.