母体胆碱营养对子代体重与代谢的影响及机制的研究进展
Research Progress on the Effects of Maternal Choline Nutrition on Offspring Body Weight and Metabolism and the Underlying Mechanisms
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1651814, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 冯 欢, 吴 洁*：昆明医科大学第二附属医院儿科，云南 昆明；王鹏飞, 李志伟：昆明医科大学第二附属医院中心实验室，云南 昆明
关键词: 母体胆碱营养；子代体重；糖脂代谢；表观遗传；机制；Maternal Choline Nutrition； Offspring Body Weight； Glucose and Lipid Metabolism； Epigenetics； Mechanisms
摘要: 母体胆碱营养在子代体格发育与代谢健康形成过程中具有重要作用。本综述围绕母体胆碱营养对子代体重与代谢的影响及其机制进行系统梳理，归纳了动物实验与人群研究的相关证据。现有研究表明，母体肥胖、高脂饮食、妊娠期糖尿病、孕期酒精暴露及其他营养失衡状态，均可调节胆碱对子代结局的影响，使胆碱营养在高风险背景下表现出更突出的保护或缓冲作用。机制上，胆碱主要通过参与一碳代谢和表观遗传调控、改善胎盘功能与营养转运、促进磷脂合成与脂质运输、影响乳汁营养供给以及调节肠道菌群代谢等途径，介导对子代生长和代谢表型的长期编程。尽管现有证据已提示优化孕期胆碱营养具有重要潜在价值，但高质量人群随机对照研究仍较缺乏，作用机制、剂量反应关系及长期安全性亦有待进一步明确。未来应加强高危孕妇人群的精准营养干预研究，并推动胆碱在孕期营养指导中的临床转化，以改善子代长期健康结局。
Abstract: Maternal choline nutrition plays a critical role in shaping offspring physical development and metabolic health. This review systematically summarizes the effects of maternal choline nutrition on offspring body weight and metabolism, as well as the underlying mechanisms, and integrates relevant evidence from both animal experiments and human studies. Current evidence indicates that maternal obesity, a high-fat diet, gestational diabetes mellitus, prenatal alcohol exposure, and other states of nutritional imbalance may all modify the effects of choline on offspring outcomes, rendering choline nutrition more prominently protective or buffering under high-risk conditions. Mechanistically, choline may mediate long-term programming of offspring growth and metabolic phenotypes through its involvement in one-carbon metabolism and epigenetic regulation, improvement of placental function and nutrient transport, promotion of phospholipid synthesis and lipid transport, influence on milk nutrient supply, and modulation of gut microbiota metabolism. Although existing evidence suggests that optimizing maternal choline nutrition during pregnancy may have important potential value, high-quality randomized controlled trials in human populations remain scarce, and the mechanisms of action, dose-response relationships, and long-term safety require further clarification. Future studies should strengthen precision nutrition interventions in high-risk pregnant populations and facilitate the clinical translation of choline into prenatal nutritional guidance to improve long-term health outcomes in offspring.
文章引用：冯欢, 王鹏飞, 李志伟, 吴洁. 母体胆碱营养对子代体重与代谢的影响及机制的研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(5): 253-263. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1651814

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