从“个人经验”到“制度体系”：信息学奥林匹克竞赛教练员生态与拔尖人才培养机制研究

From Individual Experience to Institutional Systems: The Ecology of Informatics Olympiad Coaches and Mechanisms for Cultivating Top Computing Talents

摘要: 信息学奥林匹克竞赛是全球范围内培养计算机科学拔尖人才的重要机制，而竞赛教练员群体是这一培养体系的重要支撑力量。长期以来，社会更多关注竞赛成绩与选手成长，对竞赛教练员群体的职业生态研究相对不足。本文以江苏省信息学奥赛教练员为研究对象，通过问卷调查与访谈相结合的方法，对教练员队伍结构及其制度环境进行分析。研究发现，当前竞赛培养体系在很大程度上仍依赖教练员个体经验，存在专职化比例低、培训体系不足、激励机制不完善以及区域发展不均等问题。文章提出“教练员生态”概念，指出教练员是竞赛人才培养体系的重要节点，其稳定性直接影响拔尖人才培养质量。基于国际经验比较，本文提出构建制度身份体系、专业成长体系、激励荣誉体系与区域协同机制等治理路径，以推动竞赛培养体系由“经验驱动”向“制度化运行”转型。

Abstract: The Informatics Olympiad has become a globally recognized mechanism for cultivating elite talents in computer science, with the coaching community serving as a critical pillar of this training system. However, existing research has predominantly focused on competition outcomes and student development, while relatively little attention has been paid to the professional ecology of Olympiad coaches. Taking Jiangsu Province as a case, this study investigates the structural characteristics and institutional environment of Informatics Olympiad coaches through a combination of questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that the current training system still relies heavily on individual coaching experience, and is characterized by a low proportion of full-time coaches, insufficient professional training systems, inadequate incentive mechanisms, and regional disparities in resource distribution. This paper proposes the concept of “coach ecology”, emphasizing that coaches function as key nodes within the talent cultivation system, and that the stability of this ecology directly affects the quality of elite talent development. Drawing on international comparative perspectives, the study further suggests governance pathways, including the establishment of formal institutional roles, structured professional development systems, incentive and recognition mechanisms, and regional collaborative networks, in order to promote the transition from an experience-driven model toward a more institutionalized training system.