赋能还是负能？人工智能技术对大学生群体学习能力的影响

Empowerment or Disempowerment? The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Technology on College Students’ Learning Ability

摘要: 以生成式人工智能为代表的技术浪潮正深刻重塑高等教育生态。围绕“人工智能是赋能工具还是削弱大学生学习能力的负面因素”这一核心问题，本文基于能力结构理论与TOI协同框架，系统分析人工智能技术对大学生学习能力的双重影响：人工智能通过降低认知负荷、拓展知识边界、强化即时反馈，赋能信息获取等能力；同时可能通过替代性思考等削弱深度思维等核心能力。在此基础上，本文提出“结构性嵌入–分层管控–能力导向评价”三位一体教改路径，构建学习能力重塑模型，为高校人工智能治理、课程改革及人才培养提供政策启示。

Abstract: The wave of technology represented by generative artificial intelligence is profoundly reshaping the ecology of higher education. Centering on the core controversy of “whether artificial intelligence is an empowering tool or a negative factor that weakens college students’ learning ability”, this paper systematically analyzes its dual impact on the structure of college students’ learning ability based on the competence structure theory and the TOI collaborative framework: through reducing cognitive load, expanding knowledge boundaries and strengthening real-time feedback, artificial intelligence empowers abilities such as information acquisition; at the same time, it may weaken core abilities such as in-depth thinking through alternative thinking and other means. On this basis, this paper proposes a trinity educational reform path of “structural embedding - hierarchical control - competence-oriented evaluation”, constructs a learning ability reshaping model, and provides policy enlightenment for the governance of artificial intelligence in colleges and universities, curriculum reform and the innovation of talent training.