“物质”如何在实践中被知道？——对唯物主义命题的再思考

How Is “Matter” Known in Practice?—Rethinking the Proposition of Materialism

摘要: 对“物质决定意识”这一命题的深入追问，导向了对唯物主义的重新理解。“物质”概念应当在存在论层面(作为必要的设定)与认识论–实践论层面(作为实践遭遇的阻力)两个层次上加以区分。“规律”不是写在物上的永恒法则，而是实践史的沉积，它既具有客观性(不以人的意志为转移)，又具有历史性(随实践发展而深化)。本文旨在展示一种思考方法：将一切视为“实践的产物”，并在不同层次之间划清界限，揭示出人在实践中追问、在追问中存在的根本姿态。

Abstract: An in-depth inquiry into the proposition that “matter determines consciousness” leads to a reinterpretation of materialism. The concept of “matter” should be distinguished at two levels: the ontological level (as a necessary presupposition) and the epistemological-praxeological level (as resistance encountered in practice). “Laws” are not eternal principles inscribed in things, but the sedimentation of practical history—they possess both objectivity (independence from human will) and historicity (deepening with the development of practice). This paper aims to demonstrate a method of thinking: regarding everything as “the product of practice” while drawing clear distinctions between different levels, revealing the fundamental posture of human beings as inquiring in practice and existing in inquiry.