自然禀赋、技术积累与市场扩展：明清时期 安徽石榴的种植演进与声誉建构

Natural Endowments, Technological Accumulation, and Market Expansion: The Cultivation Evolution and Reputation Building of Pomegranates in Anhui during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

摘要: 农业物种的传播与品种演化，是理解区域社会经济变迁的重要切入点。本文以明清时期安徽石榴为研究对象，在系统梳理历史文献与相关资料的基础上，构建“自然禀赋–技术积累–市场流通–文化建构”的分析框架，探讨地方名产形成的历史机制。研究表明，淮北地区的气候与土壤条件构成石榴品质形成的生态基础；明初移民垦荒与农学知识传播推动种植规模扩展与品种改良；清代淮河水运与区域市场整合促进其商品化进程并实现声誉建构；近代战乱与水患虽对产业造成冲击，但民间种质保存机制维系了核心遗传资源的延续。安徽石榴的历史演进表明，地方名产的形成是生态条件、制度因素与市场网络长期互动的结果。

Abstract: The dissemination and varietal evolution of agricultural species provide a critical lens for understanding regional socio-economic transformations. Focusing on pomegranate cultivation in Anhui during the Ming and Qing dynasties, this study constructs an analytical framework encompassing natural endowments, technological accumulation, market circulation, and cultural construction, based on a systematic examination of historical sources. It argues that the formation of Anhui pomegranates as a local specialty product resulted from the interaction of multiple structural forces. Favorable ecological conditions in the Huaibei region constituted the environmental foundation for quality formation, while state-led migration and land reclamation policies in the early Ming, together with the diffusion of agricultural knowledge, facilitated both the expansion of cultivation and varietal improvement. In the Qing period, the integration into regional markets through the Huai River transport network accelerated commercialization and enabled reputation building. Despite severe disruptions caused by warfare and flooding in the modern period, local practices of germplasm preservation sustained the continuity of core genetic resources. The case of Anhui pomegranates demonstrates that the emergence of local specialty products was shaped by the long-term interaction of ecological conditions, institutional arrangements, and market networks. This study provides a historically grounded explanation for the formation mechanisms of local agricultural specialties in premodern China.