《我与地坛》维译本中方位词“上”“下”的翻译研究

A Study on the Translation of Locative Words “Up” and “Down” in the Uyghur Version of “I and the Temple of Earth”

摘要: 本研究以史铁生散文《我与地坛》的维吾尔语译本为语料，采用认知语言学视角，对汉语方位词“上”和“下”的维吾尔语翻译进行了对比分析。研究将“上”和“下”的用法分为“实指”和“虚指”两类。在实指方面，研究发现汉语倾向于使用独立的方位词，而维吾尔语则主要通过位格后缀和方位名词来表达空间关系。在虚指方面，汉语通过隐喻机制将空间概念投射到时间、数量、等级、状态等抽象领域，而维吾尔语则更多地采用词汇转换和结构调整来实现对等表达。文章对比了两种语言在隐喻显隐性和转喻灵活性上的差异，并最终归纳出直译、方位名词翻译、隐喻转换、意象转换、语法格和空间映射六种翻译策略，旨在为汉维翻译实践提供参考。

Abstract: This study takes the Uyghur translation of Shi Tiesheng’s prose “I and the Temple of Earth” as the corpus and adopts a cognitive linguistics perspective to conduct a comparative analysis of the translation of the Chinese locative words “up” and “down” into Uyghur. The study classifies the usage of “up” and “down” into two categories: “literal” and “figurative”. In terms of literal usage, the study finds that Chinese tends to use independent locative words, while Uyghur mainly expresses spatial relations through case suffixes and locative nouns. In terms of figurative usage, Chinese projects spatial concepts into abstract domains such as time, quantity, rank, and state through metaphorical mechanisms, while Uyghur more often achieves equivalent expressions through lexical conversion and structural adjustment. The article compares the differences in metaphorical salience and metonymic flexibility between the two languages and ultimately summarizes six translation strategies: literal translation, translation of locative nouns, metaphorical conversion, image conversion, grammatical case, and spatial mapping, aiming to provide references for Chinese-Uyghur translation practice.