类型学视野下的汉维专有名词生命度及其句法效应

A Typological Study of the Animacy of Proper Nouns and Its Syntactic Effects in Chinese and Uyghur

摘要: 本文基于生命度理论，以语言类型学为落脚点，考察现代汉语与现代维吾尔语中指人专有名词与地点专有名词的句法效应。从人称代词回指、高生命度动词结构及“V的N”结构三个维度展开分析，发现两种语言在回指层面共性显著，均受动词语义指向与话题凸显原则制约；在论元选择及“V的N”结构层面差异明显，维吾尔语准入范围更广，汉语限制更严。这一差异印证了形态丰富度与语义制约程度呈负相关的类型学规律，为汉维语言对比研究提供了新的视角。

Abstract: Based on animacy theory and with a focus on linguistic typology, this paper examines the syntactic effects of personal proper nouns and place proper nouns in modern Chinese and modern Uyghur. It analyzes three dimensions: personal pronoun anaphora, high-animacy verb constructions, and the “V de N” construction. The findings show that the two languages share significant similarities in anaphora, both being governed by the semantic orientation of verbs and the principle of topic highlighting. However, they differ markedly in argument selection and the “V de N” construction: Uyghur allows a wider range of nouns to enter these structures, while Chinese imposes stricter constraints. This contrast confirms the typological principle that morphological richness is negatively correlated with the degree of semantic constraint, offering a new perspective for contrastive research on Chinese and Uyghur.