基于ERP的隐喻类研究综述

A Review of Metaphor Studies Based on ERP

摘要: 隐喻加工是人类语言认知与思维活动的重要组成之一，ERP技术凭借高时间分辨率的优势，成为揭示隐喻加工神经认知机制的重要手段。本文从个体因素、隐喻类型、非个体差异因素三类核心影响因素入手，系统梳理了基于ERP技术的隐喻类研究成果。经梳理可知，在个体因素上，抑制控制、二语熟练度、工作记忆主要影响二语隐喻的加工，创造力水平则主要聚焦于母语隐喻；在隐喻类型上，基于ERP的隐喻类加工主要以名词隐喻和动词隐喻为主，其中以名词隐喻为核心研究对象，动词隐喻研究相对较少；在非个体差异因素上，情绪、语境条件和任务类型通过调节神经资源调动程度影响隐喻理解过程。本文最后总结了当前研究的特点与不足，为后续基于ERP的隐喻认知研究在研究对象、隐喻类型与研究设计等方面提供了研究思路与方向。

Abstract: Metaphor processing constitutes a vital component of human linguistic cognition and thinking. With its high temporal resolution, ERP technology has become an important means of revealing the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying metaphor processing. This paper systematically reviews ERP-based metaphor research from three core influencing factors: individual factors, metaphor types, and non-individual difference factors. The review indicates that, in terms of individual factors, inhibitory control, second language proficiency, and working memory mainly affect second language metaphor processing, whereas creativity level is primarily focused on native language metaphors; Regarding metaphor types, ERP-based metaphor processing research mainly centers on nominal metaphors and verbal metaphors, with nominal metaphors as the core subject and verbal metaphors receiving relatively less attention. For non-individual difference factors, emotion, contextual conditions, and task types modulate metaphor comprehension by regulating the allocation of neural resources. Finally, this paper summarizes the characteristics and limitations of current studies, providing research ideas and directions for future ERP-based metaphor cognition research in terms of research subjects, metaphor types, and experimental design.