棉纤维素气凝胶的研究进展及应用
Research Progress and Applications of Cellulose Aerogels from Cotton
摘要: 棉纤维素气凝胶是以天然棉纤维/棉浆/废棉为原料的第三代生物质气凝胶。相较于第一代二氧化硅气凝胶和第二代石油基高分子气凝胶，其兼具新一代气凝胶原料可再生性、可生物降解性、成本低廉以及传统气凝胶低密度、高孔隙率、高比表面积等优异特性，在绿色多孔材料领域展现出巨大研究和应用潜力。本文综述棉纤维素原料DES预处理，溶胶–凝胶过程，干燥工艺等特征论述。以及在应用上，重点介绍其在油水分离、吸附净化、保温隔热等领域的应用现状，并对其在绿色功能材料领域的发展前景进行展望，为棉纤维素气凝胶的进一步研究与应用提供参考。
Abstract: Cotton cellulose aerogel is the third-generation biomass aerogel made from natural cotton fibers/cotton pulp/waste cotton. Compared with the first-generation silica aerogel and the second-generation petroleum-based polymer aerogel, it combines the excellent properties of the new generation of aerogel raw materials such as renewability, biodegradability, and low cost, as well as the low density, high porosity, and high specific surface area of traditional aerogel. It shows great research and application potential in the field of green porous materials. This article reviews the characteristics of DES pretreatment of cotton cellulose raw materials, sol-gel process, drying process, etc. In terms of application, this paper focuses on introducing its current application status in fields such as oil-water separation, adsorption purification, and thermal insulation, and looks forward to its development prospects in the field of green functional materials, providing a reference for the further research and application of cotton cellulose aerogel.
文章引用：鲁建鹏, 白如玉, 张菲菲, 李谨艺. 棉纤维素气凝胶的研究进展及应用[J]. 分析化学进展, 2026, 16(2): 110-117. https://doi.org/10.12677/aac.2026.162013

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