危重症患者失禁相关性皮炎危险因素的 Meta分析

Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis in Critically Ill Patients

摘要: 目的：通过Meta分析系统评价危重症患者发生失禁相关性皮炎的危险因素，为临床制定精准干预策略提供循证参考。方法：检索知网、维普、万方、CBM、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、CINAHL等中英文数据库建库至2025年10月涉及危重症患者失禁相关性皮炎危险因素的研究。2名研究者独立进行文献的筛选、质量评价及数据提取。数据合并采用Stata 14.0软件开展Meta分析。结果：共纳入18项研究，总样本量3512例。提取9种危险因素，包括年龄(OR = 1.030)、APACHE II评分(OR = 3.265)、白蛋白(OR = 1.166)、排便频次 ≥ 3次/d (OR = 3.477)、水样便(OR = 1.473)、Braden评分(OR = 1.552)、PAT评分(OR = 2.846)、发热(OR = 2.268)、意识障碍(OR = 3.745)。结论：危重症患者失禁相关性皮炎受多种因素影响，护理人员可根据上述因素制订针对性干预措施，预防或延缓失禁性皮炎的发生发展，减轻患者痛苦。

Abstract: Objective: To systematically evaluate the risk factors of incontinence-associated dermatitis in critically ill patients by Meta-analysis, and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical development of precise intervention strategies. Methods: CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, CBM, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL and other Chinese and English databases were searched for studies on the risk factors of incontinence-associated dermatitis in critically ill patients from inception to October 2025. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, quality evaluation and data extraction. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software. Results: A total of 18 studies were included, with a total sample size of 3512 cases. Nine risk factors were extracted, including age (OR = 1.030), APACHE II score (OR = 3.265), albumin (OR = 1.166), frequency of defecation ≥ 3 times/d (OR = 3.477), watery stool (OR = 1.473), Braden score (OR = 1.552), PAT score (OR = 2.846), fever (OR = 2.268), and disturbance of consciousness (OR = 3.745). Conclusion: Incontinence-associated dermatitis in critically ill patients is affected by many factors. Nursing staff can formulate targeted interventions based on the above factors to prevent or delay the occurrence and development of incontinence-associated dermatitis and alleviate the pain of patients.